Cargando…

The Improvement of Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Dung Particleboard Characteristics Using Bamboo Layering

The use of natural fibers or particles as alternative raw materials for particleboard production is essential due to the shrinking forest area. Currently, dung waste from the Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is being used as a raw material for particleboard due to its high fiber conten...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Hartono, Rudi, Iswanto, Apri Heri, Herawati, Evalina, Suramana, Reski Eka, Sutiawan, Jajang, Amin, Yusup, Sumardi, Ihak
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9414452/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36015587
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163330
_version_ 1784775991036477440
author Hartono, Rudi
Iswanto, Apri Heri
Herawati, Evalina
Suramana, Reski Eka
Sutiawan, Jajang
Amin, Yusup
Sumardi, Ihak
author_facet Hartono, Rudi
Iswanto, Apri Heri
Herawati, Evalina
Suramana, Reski Eka
Sutiawan, Jajang
Amin, Yusup
Sumardi, Ihak
author_sort Hartono, Rudi
collection PubMed
description The use of natural fibers or particles as alternative raw materials for particleboard production is essential due to the shrinking forest area. Currently, dung waste from the Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is being used as a raw material for particleboard due to its high fiber content. Although the product still has inferior mechanical and physical characteristics, it can be improved by layering bamboo. Therefore, this study aimed to enhance the mechanical and physical qualities of elephant dung particleboard by adding layers of bamboo. The particleboard constructed had three layers; namely, the face and back in the form of a bamboo layers, as well as the core, which was in the form of elephant dung. The elephant dung was evenly mixed with isocyanate adhesive using a spray gun, and the bamboo layers were coated with adhesive on one side of the surface. The sample was subjected to a hot press at a temperature of 150 °C and 30 kg/cm(2) pressure for 10 min. Generally, JIS A 5908-2003 is the specification used to test the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. During the experiment, the characteristics examined include density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and internal bonding, which were enhanced by using layers of bamboo. The results showed that the physical properties of the particleboard with bamboo layers were a density of 0.62–0.69 g/cm(3), a moisture content of 7.87–10.35%, water absorption of 38.27–68.58%, and a thickness swelling of 10.87–30.00%, which met the minimum standards of JIS A 5908-2003. The mechanical characteristics had values for the modulus of elasticity of 1952–7282 MPa, the modulus of rupture of 20.44–68.27 MPa, and the internal bonding of 0.16–0.38 MPa, which met the JIS A 5908-2003 standard. Based on these results, the particleboard with Belangke bamboo layers was the best in this study.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9414452
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-94144522022-08-27 The Improvement of Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Dung Particleboard Characteristics Using Bamboo Layering Hartono, Rudi Iswanto, Apri Heri Herawati, Evalina Suramana, Reski Eka Sutiawan, Jajang Amin, Yusup Sumardi, Ihak Polymers (Basel) Article The use of natural fibers or particles as alternative raw materials for particleboard production is essential due to the shrinking forest area. Currently, dung waste from the Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is being used as a raw material for particleboard due to its high fiber content. Although the product still has inferior mechanical and physical characteristics, it can be improved by layering bamboo. Therefore, this study aimed to enhance the mechanical and physical qualities of elephant dung particleboard by adding layers of bamboo. The particleboard constructed had three layers; namely, the face and back in the form of a bamboo layers, as well as the core, which was in the form of elephant dung. The elephant dung was evenly mixed with isocyanate adhesive using a spray gun, and the bamboo layers were coated with adhesive on one side of the surface. The sample was subjected to a hot press at a temperature of 150 °C and 30 kg/cm(2) pressure for 10 min. Generally, JIS A 5908-2003 is the specification used to test the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. During the experiment, the characteristics examined include density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and internal bonding, which were enhanced by using layers of bamboo. The results showed that the physical properties of the particleboard with bamboo layers were a density of 0.62–0.69 g/cm(3), a moisture content of 7.87–10.35%, water absorption of 38.27–68.58%, and a thickness swelling of 10.87–30.00%, which met the minimum standards of JIS A 5908-2003. The mechanical characteristics had values for the modulus of elasticity of 1952–7282 MPa, the modulus of rupture of 20.44–68.27 MPa, and the internal bonding of 0.16–0.38 MPa, which met the JIS A 5908-2003 standard. Based on these results, the particleboard with Belangke bamboo layers was the best in this study. MDPI 2022-08-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9414452/ /pubmed/36015587 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163330 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Hartono, Rudi
Iswanto, Apri Heri
Herawati, Evalina
Suramana, Reski Eka
Sutiawan, Jajang
Amin, Yusup
Sumardi, Ihak
The Improvement of Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Dung Particleboard Characteristics Using Bamboo Layering
title The Improvement of Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Dung Particleboard Characteristics Using Bamboo Layering
title_full The Improvement of Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Dung Particleboard Characteristics Using Bamboo Layering
title_fullStr The Improvement of Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Dung Particleboard Characteristics Using Bamboo Layering
title_full_unstemmed The Improvement of Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Dung Particleboard Characteristics Using Bamboo Layering
title_short The Improvement of Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Dung Particleboard Characteristics Using Bamboo Layering
title_sort improvement of sumatran elephant (elephas maximus sumatranus) dung particleboard characteristics using bamboo layering
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9414452/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36015587
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163330
work_keys_str_mv AT hartonorudi theimprovementofsumatranelephantelephasmaximussumatranusdungparticleboardcharacteristicsusingbamboolayering
AT iswantoapriheri theimprovementofsumatranelephantelephasmaximussumatranusdungparticleboardcharacteristicsusingbamboolayering
AT herawatievalina theimprovementofsumatranelephantelephasmaximussumatranusdungparticleboardcharacteristicsusingbamboolayering
AT suramanareskieka theimprovementofsumatranelephantelephasmaximussumatranusdungparticleboardcharacteristicsusingbamboolayering
AT sutiawanjajang theimprovementofsumatranelephantelephasmaximussumatranusdungparticleboardcharacteristicsusingbamboolayering
AT aminyusup theimprovementofsumatranelephantelephasmaximussumatranusdungparticleboardcharacteristicsusingbamboolayering
AT sumardiihak theimprovementofsumatranelephantelephasmaximussumatranusdungparticleboardcharacteristicsusingbamboolayering
AT hartonorudi improvementofsumatranelephantelephasmaximussumatranusdungparticleboardcharacteristicsusingbamboolayering
AT iswantoapriheri improvementofsumatranelephantelephasmaximussumatranusdungparticleboardcharacteristicsusingbamboolayering
AT herawatievalina improvementofsumatranelephantelephasmaximussumatranusdungparticleboardcharacteristicsusingbamboolayering
AT suramanareskieka improvementofsumatranelephantelephasmaximussumatranusdungparticleboardcharacteristicsusingbamboolayering
AT sutiawanjajang improvementofsumatranelephantelephasmaximussumatranusdungparticleboardcharacteristicsusingbamboolayering
AT aminyusup improvementofsumatranelephantelephasmaximussumatranusdungparticleboardcharacteristicsusingbamboolayering
AT sumardiihak improvementofsumatranelephantelephasmaximussumatranusdungparticleboardcharacteristicsusingbamboolayering