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Bacopa Protects against Neurotoxicity Induced by MPP(+) and Methamphetamine

The neurotoxins methamphetamine (METH) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) damage catecholamine neurons. Although sharing the same mechanism to enter within these neurons, METH neurotoxicity mostly depends on oxidative species, while MPP(+) toxicity depends on the inhibition of mitochondrial ac...

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Autores principales: Ferrucci, Michela, Busceti, Carla Letizia, Lazzeri, Gloria, Biagioni, Francesca, Puglisi-Allegra, Stefano, Frati, Alessandro, Lenzi, Paola, Fornai, Francesco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9414486/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36014442
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165204
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author Ferrucci, Michela
Busceti, Carla Letizia
Lazzeri, Gloria
Biagioni, Francesca
Puglisi-Allegra, Stefano
Frati, Alessandro
Lenzi, Paola
Fornai, Francesco
author_facet Ferrucci, Michela
Busceti, Carla Letizia
Lazzeri, Gloria
Biagioni, Francesca
Puglisi-Allegra, Stefano
Frati, Alessandro
Lenzi, Paola
Fornai, Francesco
author_sort Ferrucci, Michela
collection PubMed
description The neurotoxins methamphetamine (METH) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) damage catecholamine neurons. Although sharing the same mechanism to enter within these neurons, METH neurotoxicity mostly depends on oxidative species, while MPP(+) toxicity depends on the inhibition of mitochondrial activity. This explains why only a few compounds protect against both neurotoxins. Identifying a final common pathway that is shared by these neurotoxins is key to prompting novel remedies for spontaneous neurodegeneration. In the present study we assessed whether natural extracts from Bacopa monnieri (BM) may provide a dual protection against METH- and MPP(+)-induced cell damage as measured by light and electron microscopy. The protection induced by BM against catecholamine cell death and degeneration was dose-dependently related to the suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mitochondrial alterations. These were measured by light and electron microscopy with MitoTracker Red and Green as well as by the ultrastructural morphometry of specific mitochondrial structures. In fact, BM suppresses the damage of mitochondrial crests and matrix dilution and increases the amount of healthy and total mitochondria. The present data provide evidence for a natural compound, which protects catecholamine cells independently by the type of experimental toxicity. This may be useful to counteract spontaneous degenerations of catecholamine cells.
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spelling pubmed-94144862022-08-27 Bacopa Protects against Neurotoxicity Induced by MPP(+) and Methamphetamine Ferrucci, Michela Busceti, Carla Letizia Lazzeri, Gloria Biagioni, Francesca Puglisi-Allegra, Stefano Frati, Alessandro Lenzi, Paola Fornai, Francesco Molecules Article The neurotoxins methamphetamine (METH) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) damage catecholamine neurons. Although sharing the same mechanism to enter within these neurons, METH neurotoxicity mostly depends on oxidative species, while MPP(+) toxicity depends on the inhibition of mitochondrial activity. This explains why only a few compounds protect against both neurotoxins. Identifying a final common pathway that is shared by these neurotoxins is key to prompting novel remedies for spontaneous neurodegeneration. In the present study we assessed whether natural extracts from Bacopa monnieri (BM) may provide a dual protection against METH- and MPP(+)-induced cell damage as measured by light and electron microscopy. The protection induced by BM against catecholamine cell death and degeneration was dose-dependently related to the suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mitochondrial alterations. These were measured by light and electron microscopy with MitoTracker Red and Green as well as by the ultrastructural morphometry of specific mitochondrial structures. In fact, BM suppresses the damage of mitochondrial crests and matrix dilution and increases the amount of healthy and total mitochondria. The present data provide evidence for a natural compound, which protects catecholamine cells independently by the type of experimental toxicity. This may be useful to counteract spontaneous degenerations of catecholamine cells. MDPI 2022-08-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9414486/ /pubmed/36014442 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165204 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ferrucci, Michela
Busceti, Carla Letizia
Lazzeri, Gloria
Biagioni, Francesca
Puglisi-Allegra, Stefano
Frati, Alessandro
Lenzi, Paola
Fornai, Francesco
Bacopa Protects against Neurotoxicity Induced by MPP(+) and Methamphetamine
title Bacopa Protects against Neurotoxicity Induced by MPP(+) and Methamphetamine
title_full Bacopa Protects against Neurotoxicity Induced by MPP(+) and Methamphetamine
title_fullStr Bacopa Protects against Neurotoxicity Induced by MPP(+) and Methamphetamine
title_full_unstemmed Bacopa Protects against Neurotoxicity Induced by MPP(+) and Methamphetamine
title_short Bacopa Protects against Neurotoxicity Induced by MPP(+) and Methamphetamine
title_sort bacopa protects against neurotoxicity induced by mpp(+) and methamphetamine
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9414486/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36014442
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165204
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