Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Guided Waves Based Damage Localization Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors in Remote Configuration

Structural health monitoring (SHM) systems may allow a reduction in maintenance costs and extend the lifetime of the structure. As a result, they are of interest to the research community. Ideally, the SHM methods should be low cost, while being able to detect and localize small levels of damage reliably and accurately. The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are light in weight, insensitive to electric and magnetic fields, and can be embedded. The edge filtering configuration for transduction allows the use of FBG for guided wave (GW) sensing. This sensitivity may be further enhanced through their application in the remote bonded configuration. This paper provides a proof-of-concept for the use of remotely bonded FBG for damage localization. In order to improve the computational efficiency, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based algorithm is developed. The PSO allows a significant improvement in the computation time which makes it better suited for real-time damage localization. The proposed objective function is based on the exponential elliptical approach. First, the suitability of the PSO for damage localization is shown. Then the performance of the chosen objective function is compared with the brute-force algorithm as well as other objective functions found in the literature. The methodology is employed on a simple aluminum plate. The results indicate that indeed the objective function along with the PSO is suitable for damage localization. Also as the objective function is developed taking into consideration the specific challenges with the use of FBG sensors, performs better than the other objective functions as well as the brute force algorithm.