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Non-Endemic Leishmaniases Reported Globally in Humans between 2000 and 2021—A Comprehensive Review
Leishmaniases are human and animal parasitic diseases transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. Globalization is an important driver of the burden and in the current dynamics of these diseases. A systematic review of articles published between 2000 and 2021 was conducted using the PubMed search engine...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9415673/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36015042 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080921 |
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author | Rocha, Rafael Pereira, André Maia, Carla |
author_facet | Rocha, Rafael Pereira, André Maia, Carla |
author_sort | Rocha, Rafael |
collection | PubMed |
description | Leishmaniases are human and animal parasitic diseases transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. Globalization is an important driver of the burden and in the current dynamics of these diseases. A systematic review of articles published between 2000 and 2021 was conducted using the PubMed search engine to identify the epidemiology and clinical management of imported human leishmaniases as a fundamental step to better manage individual cases and traveler and migrant health from a global perspective. A total of 275 articles were selected, representing 10,341 human imported cases. Identified drivers of changing patterns in epidemiology include conflict and war, as well as host factors, such as immunosuppression, natural and iatrogenic. Leishmania species diversity associated with different clinical presentations implies diagnostic and treatment strategies often complex to select and apply, especially in non-endemic settings. Thus, diagnostic and management algorithms for medical clinical decision support are proposed. Increased surveillance of non-endemic cases, whether in vulnerable populations such as refugees/migrants and immunocompromised individuals or travelers, could improve individual health and mitigate the public health risk of introducing Leishmania species into new areas. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9415673 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94156732022-08-27 Non-Endemic Leishmaniases Reported Globally in Humans between 2000 and 2021—A Comprehensive Review Rocha, Rafael Pereira, André Maia, Carla Pathogens Review Leishmaniases are human and animal parasitic diseases transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. Globalization is an important driver of the burden and in the current dynamics of these diseases. A systematic review of articles published between 2000 and 2021 was conducted using the PubMed search engine to identify the epidemiology and clinical management of imported human leishmaniases as a fundamental step to better manage individual cases and traveler and migrant health from a global perspective. A total of 275 articles were selected, representing 10,341 human imported cases. Identified drivers of changing patterns in epidemiology include conflict and war, as well as host factors, such as immunosuppression, natural and iatrogenic. Leishmania species diversity associated with different clinical presentations implies diagnostic and treatment strategies often complex to select and apply, especially in non-endemic settings. Thus, diagnostic and management algorithms for medical clinical decision support are proposed. Increased surveillance of non-endemic cases, whether in vulnerable populations such as refugees/migrants and immunocompromised individuals or travelers, could improve individual health and mitigate the public health risk of introducing Leishmania species into new areas. MDPI 2022-08-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9415673/ /pubmed/36015042 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080921 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Rocha, Rafael Pereira, André Maia, Carla Non-Endemic Leishmaniases Reported Globally in Humans between 2000 and 2021—A Comprehensive Review |
title | Non-Endemic Leishmaniases Reported Globally in Humans between 2000 and 2021—A Comprehensive Review |
title_full | Non-Endemic Leishmaniases Reported Globally in Humans between 2000 and 2021—A Comprehensive Review |
title_fullStr | Non-Endemic Leishmaniases Reported Globally in Humans between 2000 and 2021—A Comprehensive Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Non-Endemic Leishmaniases Reported Globally in Humans between 2000 and 2021—A Comprehensive Review |
title_short | Non-Endemic Leishmaniases Reported Globally in Humans between 2000 and 2021—A Comprehensive Review |
title_sort | non-endemic leishmaniases reported globally in humans between 2000 and 2021—a comprehensive review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9415673/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36015042 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080921 |
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