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Application of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing for HIV Host Factor Discovery and Validation
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) interacts with a wide array of host factors at each stage of its lifecycle to facilitate replication and circumvent the immune response. Identification and characterization of these host factors is critical for elucidating the mechanism of viral replication and for...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9415735/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36015010 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080891 |
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author | Cisneros, William J. Cornish, Daphne Hultquist, Judd F. |
author_facet | Cisneros, William J. Cornish, Daphne Hultquist, Judd F. |
author_sort | Cisneros, William J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) interacts with a wide array of host factors at each stage of its lifecycle to facilitate replication and circumvent the immune response. Identification and characterization of these host factors is critical for elucidating the mechanism of viral replication and for developing next-generation HIV-1 therapeutic and curative strategies. Recent advances in CRISPR-Cas9-based genome engineering approaches have provided researchers with an assortment of new, valuable tools for host factor discovery and interrogation. Genome-wide screening in a variety of in vitro cell models has helped define the critical host factors that play a role in various cellular and biological contexts. Targeted manipulation of specific host factors by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knock-out, overexpression, and/or directed repair have furthermore allowed for target validation in primary cell models and mechanistic inquiry through hypothesis-based testing. In this review, we summarize several CRISPR-based screening strategies for the identification of HIV-1 host factors and highlight how CRISPR-Cas9 approaches have been used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of viral replication and host response. Finally, we examine promising new technologies in the CRISPR field and how these may be applied to address critical questions in HIV-1 biology going forward. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9415735 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94157352022-08-27 Application of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing for HIV Host Factor Discovery and Validation Cisneros, William J. Cornish, Daphne Hultquist, Judd F. Pathogens Review Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) interacts with a wide array of host factors at each stage of its lifecycle to facilitate replication and circumvent the immune response. Identification and characterization of these host factors is critical for elucidating the mechanism of viral replication and for developing next-generation HIV-1 therapeutic and curative strategies. Recent advances in CRISPR-Cas9-based genome engineering approaches have provided researchers with an assortment of new, valuable tools for host factor discovery and interrogation. Genome-wide screening in a variety of in vitro cell models has helped define the critical host factors that play a role in various cellular and biological contexts. Targeted manipulation of specific host factors by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knock-out, overexpression, and/or directed repair have furthermore allowed for target validation in primary cell models and mechanistic inquiry through hypothesis-based testing. In this review, we summarize several CRISPR-based screening strategies for the identification of HIV-1 host factors and highlight how CRISPR-Cas9 approaches have been used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of viral replication and host response. Finally, we examine promising new technologies in the CRISPR field and how these may be applied to address critical questions in HIV-1 biology going forward. MDPI 2022-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9415735/ /pubmed/36015010 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080891 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Cisneros, William J. Cornish, Daphne Hultquist, Judd F. Application of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing for HIV Host Factor Discovery and Validation |
title | Application of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing for HIV Host Factor Discovery and Validation |
title_full | Application of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing for HIV Host Factor Discovery and Validation |
title_fullStr | Application of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing for HIV Host Factor Discovery and Validation |
title_full_unstemmed | Application of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing for HIV Host Factor Discovery and Validation |
title_short | Application of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing for HIV Host Factor Discovery and Validation |
title_sort | application of crispr-cas9 gene editing for hiv host factor discovery and validation |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9415735/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36015010 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080891 |
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