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Characterization of the virulence of three novel clade 2 Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile strains and a two-year screening in animals and humans in Brazil

Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) is an evolving global healthcare problem, and owing to the diverse and dynamic molecular epidemiology of C. difficile, new strains continue to emerge. In Brazil, only two cases of CDI due to the so called hypervirulent PCR ribotype (RT) 027 belo...

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Autores principales: Diniz, Amanda Nadia, Moura, Loren Nery Fontoura, Cruz, Diogo Soares Gonçalves, Oliveira Junior, Carlos Augusto, Figueiredo, Henrique César Pereira, Cunha, João Luís Reis, Vilela, Eduardo Garcia, Kuijper, Edward J., Wilcox, Mark H., Lobato, Francisco Carlos Faria, Silva, Rodrigo Otávio Silveira
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9416996/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36026500
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273013
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author Diniz, Amanda Nadia
Moura, Loren Nery Fontoura
Cruz, Diogo Soares Gonçalves
Oliveira Junior, Carlos Augusto
Figueiredo, Henrique César Pereira
Cunha, João Luís Reis
Vilela, Eduardo Garcia
Kuijper, Edward J.
Wilcox, Mark H.
Lobato, Francisco Carlos Faria
Silva, Rodrigo Otávio Silveira
author_facet Diniz, Amanda Nadia
Moura, Loren Nery Fontoura
Cruz, Diogo Soares Gonçalves
Oliveira Junior, Carlos Augusto
Figueiredo, Henrique César Pereira
Cunha, João Luís Reis
Vilela, Eduardo Garcia
Kuijper, Edward J.
Wilcox, Mark H.
Lobato, Francisco Carlos Faria
Silva, Rodrigo Otávio Silveira
author_sort Diniz, Amanda Nadia
collection PubMed
description Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) is an evolving global healthcare problem, and owing to the diverse and dynamic molecular epidemiology of C. difficile, new strains continue to emerge. In Brazil, only two cases of CDI due to the so called hypervirulent PCR ribotype (RT) 027 belonging to clade 2 have ever been reported, whereas incidence of CDI due to another “hypervirulent” RT078 (clade 5) has not yet been reported. In contrast, novel clade 2 strains have been identified in different hospitals. To better understand the epidemiology of CDIs in Brazil, this study aimed to genotypically and phenotypically characterize three novel Brazilian clade 2 strains (RT883, 884, and 885) isolated from patients with confirmed CDI. In addition, to better understand the circulating RTs, a two-year sampling was conducted in patients from the same hospital and in several domestic and wild animal species. The three strains examined showed lower production of A/B toxins than the control RT027, although two of these strains harbored a truncated tcdC gene. All strains showed swimming motility similar to that of RT027, while RT883 showed higher spore production than the reference strain. In the in vivo hamster model, the lethality of all strains was found to be similar to that of RT027. Both cgMLST and cgMLSA analyses revealed a high genetic similarity among the three-novel clade 2 isolates. In the two-year survey in animals and humans, RT883, 884, and 885 were not detected; however, three new RTs (RT988, RT989, and RT990) were isolated, two of which were genetically related to the three previously reported clade 2 strains. RT106 and RT126 were most frequently detected in humans (47.9%) and animals (57.9%), respectively. Furthermore, RT027 and RT078 were not detected in humans. The results of this study suggest that these novel clade 2 strains have virulence potential and that new strains from clade 2 continue to emerge in our setting, indicating the need for long-term local surveillance.
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spelling pubmed-94169962022-08-27 Characterization of the virulence of three novel clade 2 Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile strains and a two-year screening in animals and humans in Brazil Diniz, Amanda Nadia Moura, Loren Nery Fontoura Cruz, Diogo Soares Gonçalves Oliveira Junior, Carlos Augusto Figueiredo, Henrique César Pereira Cunha, João Luís Reis Vilela, Eduardo Garcia Kuijper, Edward J. Wilcox, Mark H. Lobato, Francisco Carlos Faria Silva, Rodrigo Otávio Silveira PLoS One Research Article Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) is an evolving global healthcare problem, and owing to the diverse and dynamic molecular epidemiology of C. difficile, new strains continue to emerge. In Brazil, only two cases of CDI due to the so called hypervirulent PCR ribotype (RT) 027 belonging to clade 2 have ever been reported, whereas incidence of CDI due to another “hypervirulent” RT078 (clade 5) has not yet been reported. In contrast, novel clade 2 strains have been identified in different hospitals. To better understand the epidemiology of CDIs in Brazil, this study aimed to genotypically and phenotypically characterize three novel Brazilian clade 2 strains (RT883, 884, and 885) isolated from patients with confirmed CDI. In addition, to better understand the circulating RTs, a two-year sampling was conducted in patients from the same hospital and in several domestic and wild animal species. The three strains examined showed lower production of A/B toxins than the control RT027, although two of these strains harbored a truncated tcdC gene. All strains showed swimming motility similar to that of RT027, while RT883 showed higher spore production than the reference strain. In the in vivo hamster model, the lethality of all strains was found to be similar to that of RT027. Both cgMLST and cgMLSA analyses revealed a high genetic similarity among the three-novel clade 2 isolates. In the two-year survey in animals and humans, RT883, 884, and 885 were not detected; however, three new RTs (RT988, RT989, and RT990) were isolated, two of which were genetically related to the three previously reported clade 2 strains. RT106 and RT126 were most frequently detected in humans (47.9%) and animals (57.9%), respectively. Furthermore, RT027 and RT078 were not detected in humans. The results of this study suggest that these novel clade 2 strains have virulence potential and that new strains from clade 2 continue to emerge in our setting, indicating the need for long-term local surveillance. Public Library of Science 2022-08-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9416996/ /pubmed/36026500 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273013 Text en © 2022 Diniz et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Diniz, Amanda Nadia
Moura, Loren Nery Fontoura
Cruz, Diogo Soares Gonçalves
Oliveira Junior, Carlos Augusto
Figueiredo, Henrique César Pereira
Cunha, João Luís Reis
Vilela, Eduardo Garcia
Kuijper, Edward J.
Wilcox, Mark H.
Lobato, Francisco Carlos Faria
Silva, Rodrigo Otávio Silveira
Characterization of the virulence of three novel clade 2 Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile strains and a two-year screening in animals and humans in Brazil
title Characterization of the virulence of three novel clade 2 Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile strains and a two-year screening in animals and humans in Brazil
title_full Characterization of the virulence of three novel clade 2 Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile strains and a two-year screening in animals and humans in Brazil
title_fullStr Characterization of the virulence of three novel clade 2 Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile strains and a two-year screening in animals and humans in Brazil
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of the virulence of three novel clade 2 Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile strains and a two-year screening in animals and humans in Brazil
title_short Characterization of the virulence of three novel clade 2 Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile strains and a two-year screening in animals and humans in Brazil
title_sort characterization of the virulence of three novel clade 2 clostridioides (clostridium) difficile strains and a two-year screening in animals and humans in brazil
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9416996/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36026500
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273013
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