Perceptions of Facilitators and Barriers to Implementation of Falls Prevention Programs in Primary Health Care Settings in China

IMPORTANCE: Falls have become a major public health issue in China with population aging. Although falls prevention for older community-dwelling people has been included in the National Essential Public Health Service Package since 2009, there is limited understanding of the implementation of this program. OBJECTIVE: To identify the associated factors and provide recommendations to inform the better implementation of falls prevention in the Chinese primary health care system. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This qualitative study was conducted in 3 purposively selected cities in China from March 1 to June 7, 2021. Health administrators from the local health commission or bureau, staff members from local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and primary health care facilities and community-dwelling older people were recruited, using a combination of purposive sampling and snowball sampling. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: In-depth interviews were conducted with health administrators and focus groups with other participants. Data analysis followed the guidance of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Study outcomes included facilitators and barriers of implementing falls prevention for older people in the Chinese primary health care settings. A framework with recommendations was developed to inform the future intervention implementation. RESULTS: Among a total of 130 participants interviewed, 77 (59.2%) were female and the mean (SD) age was 47.4 (16.7) years. Clear recognition of the challenges and benefits of falls prevention, adaptive regionally tailored guidance plans, and continuous governmental policy and financial support were the major facilitators, whereas the major barriers consisted of insufficient confidence in delivering interventions and poor understanding of the falls burden, low recognition of the importance of falls prevention, limited multisectoral collaboration, and weak financial incentives. A 7-strategy embedded framework—including data-driven surveillance, audit and feedback, implementation strategy, workforce strengthening, community empowerment, internal services integration, and external enabling environment—was developed to foster successful implementation. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This qualitative study identified major facilitators and barriers to the implementation of falls prevention for older people at the primary care level, which have the potential to contribute to better implementation of falls prevention for older people in the Chinese primary health care system.