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The Clinical and Biological Manifestations in Women with Iron Deficiency Without Anemia Compared to Iron Deficiency Anemia in a General Internal Medicine Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Study
PURPOSE: The clinical presentation of iron deficiency is not well understood. We aimed to identify the clinical manifestations of iron deficiency without anemia in women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women who visited the general internal medicine outpatient dep...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Dove
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9419906/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36039305 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S376405 |
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author | Hirosawa, Takanobu Hayashi, Arisa Harada, Yukinori Shimizu, Taro |
author_facet | Hirosawa, Takanobu Hayashi, Arisa Harada, Yukinori Shimizu, Taro |
author_sort | Hirosawa, Takanobu |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: The clinical presentation of iron deficiency is not well understood. We aimed to identify the clinical manifestations of iron deficiency without anemia in women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women who visited the general internal medicine outpatient department of a university hospital in Japan between 2016 and 2022. Women who were prescribed iron supplements were included in the study. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels below 12 g/dl. Iron deficiency was defined as serum ferritin levels < 30.0 μg/l. The primary outcome was the difference in symptoms between patients with iron deficiency with and without anemia. The secondary outcome was the ratio of symptom, hemoglobin, and serum ferritin improvement (levels > 30.0 μg/l after treatment), comparing the measurements at the beginning and after supplementation. RESULTS: A total of 147 women were included in the final analysis. There were no significant differences in the initial symptoms and the ratio of symptom improvement between the groups. Compared to patients with iron deficiency anemia, patients with iron deficiency without anemia had high initial serum ferritin levels (14.8 vs 7.1 μg/l, p<0.001), and hemoglobin (13.2 vs 9.9 g/dl, p<0.001). Iron supplements significantly improved the serum ferritin level in two groups and the hemoglobin in iron deficiency anemia. After treatment, iron deficiency without anemia still had high serum ferritin levels (37.7 vs 28.2 μg/l, p=0.017) and hemoglobin (13.3 vs 12.3 g/dl, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: There were no differences in any of the investigated symptoms and the ratio of the symptom improvement depending on the anemic state in iron deficiency. After iron supplementation, the serum ferritin levels in the iron deficiency without anemia group improved. Hemoglobin and serum ferritin in iron deficiency without anemia were still highly comparable to that of iron deficiency anemia. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9419906 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Dove |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94199062022-08-28 The Clinical and Biological Manifestations in Women with Iron Deficiency Without Anemia Compared to Iron Deficiency Anemia in a General Internal Medicine Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Study Hirosawa, Takanobu Hayashi, Arisa Harada, Yukinori Shimizu, Taro Int J Gen Med Original Research PURPOSE: The clinical presentation of iron deficiency is not well understood. We aimed to identify the clinical manifestations of iron deficiency without anemia in women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women who visited the general internal medicine outpatient department of a university hospital in Japan between 2016 and 2022. Women who were prescribed iron supplements were included in the study. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels below 12 g/dl. Iron deficiency was defined as serum ferritin levels < 30.0 μg/l. The primary outcome was the difference in symptoms between patients with iron deficiency with and without anemia. The secondary outcome was the ratio of symptom, hemoglobin, and serum ferritin improvement (levels > 30.0 μg/l after treatment), comparing the measurements at the beginning and after supplementation. RESULTS: A total of 147 women were included in the final analysis. There were no significant differences in the initial symptoms and the ratio of symptom improvement between the groups. Compared to patients with iron deficiency anemia, patients with iron deficiency without anemia had high initial serum ferritin levels (14.8 vs 7.1 μg/l, p<0.001), and hemoglobin (13.2 vs 9.9 g/dl, p<0.001). Iron supplements significantly improved the serum ferritin level in two groups and the hemoglobin in iron deficiency anemia. After treatment, iron deficiency without anemia still had high serum ferritin levels (37.7 vs 28.2 μg/l, p=0.017) and hemoglobin (13.3 vs 12.3 g/dl, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: There were no differences in any of the investigated symptoms and the ratio of the symptom improvement depending on the anemic state in iron deficiency. After iron supplementation, the serum ferritin levels in the iron deficiency without anemia group improved. Hemoglobin and serum ferritin in iron deficiency without anemia were still highly comparable to that of iron deficiency anemia. Dove 2022-08-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9419906/ /pubmed/36039305 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S376405 Text en © 2022 Hirosawa et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) ). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). |
spellingShingle | Original Research Hirosawa, Takanobu Hayashi, Arisa Harada, Yukinori Shimizu, Taro The Clinical and Biological Manifestations in Women with Iron Deficiency Without Anemia Compared to Iron Deficiency Anemia in a General Internal Medicine Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
title | The Clinical and Biological Manifestations in Women with Iron Deficiency Without Anemia Compared to Iron Deficiency Anemia in a General Internal Medicine Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
title_full | The Clinical and Biological Manifestations in Women with Iron Deficiency Without Anemia Compared to Iron Deficiency Anemia in a General Internal Medicine Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
title_fullStr | The Clinical and Biological Manifestations in Women with Iron Deficiency Without Anemia Compared to Iron Deficiency Anemia in a General Internal Medicine Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
title_full_unstemmed | The Clinical and Biological Manifestations in Women with Iron Deficiency Without Anemia Compared to Iron Deficiency Anemia in a General Internal Medicine Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
title_short | The Clinical and Biological Manifestations in Women with Iron Deficiency Without Anemia Compared to Iron Deficiency Anemia in a General Internal Medicine Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
title_sort | clinical and biological manifestations in women with iron deficiency without anemia compared to iron deficiency anemia in a general internal medicine setting: a retrospective cohort study |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9419906/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36039305 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S376405 |
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