Bilateral Orbital Myeloid Sarcomas: A Unique Presentation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Myeloid sarcomas (MS) are solid manifestations of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are commonly present in children. These tumors can arise in many tissues including bone, soft tissue, or skin, and are commonly seen in the orbit. As practically all MS will, if left untreated, eventually present as AML, early diagnosis and initiation of treatment are imperative. We highlighted a case of bilateral orbital MS in a pediatric patient that presented concurrently with AML and the steps taken to diagnose and initiate treatment. Our case highlights the potentially occult presentation of AML as well as myeloid sarcoma and, therefore, the importance of swift workup and diagnosis. Epidemiology, radiographic features, diagnosis, and treatment for myeloid sarcoma and AML were discussed.