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The effect of experimental conditions on the formation of dixanthogen by triiodide oxidation in the determination of ethyl xanthate by HPLC–ICP-MS/MS
The rising concern over the environmental impact of xanthates, especially in the arctic region, has increased the need to study these traditional flotation reagents in greater detail. The environmental concern relates mostly to the formation of carbon disulfide (CS(2)) and the heavy metal complexes...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Nature Singapore
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9420687/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35796995 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s44211-022-00155-x |
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author | Suvela, Ronja Genevrais, Simon Niemelä, Matti Perämäki, Paavo |
author_facet | Suvela, Ronja Genevrais, Simon Niemelä, Matti Perämäki, Paavo |
author_sort | Suvela, Ronja |
collection | PubMed |
description | The rising concern over the environmental impact of xanthates, especially in the arctic region, has increased the need to study these traditional flotation reagents in greater detail. The environmental concern relates mostly to the formation of carbon disulfide (CS(2)) and the heavy metal complexes of xanthates. Due to the unstable nature and multiple reaction mechanisms of xanthates, their reliable determination at low concentration levels is difficult. In this study, a xanthate pretreatment method was optimized and applied for the determination of ethyl xanthate (EX(−)) by high performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–ICP-MS/MS). Ethyl xanthate was oxidized to diethyl dixanthogen ((EX)(2)) by triiodide (I(3)(−)) in aqueous solution and the formed (EX)(2) was extracted into n-hexane. Important experimental parameters, including pH, I(3)(−) amount, and oxidation time, were optimized and the detection limit of 0.29 mg L(−1) for potassium ethyl xanthate was obtained. During the optimization experiments, it was found that the oxidation reaction resulted in multiple products, decreasing the efficiency of (EX)(2) formation and, therefore, the sensitivity of the method. The proposed method was applied to wastewater samples with recoveries of 105–106%. This study provides a selective method for the determination of ethyl xanthate and introduces novel information on the parameters affecting the oxidation of xanthates. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9420687 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Springer Nature Singapore |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94206872022-08-30 The effect of experimental conditions on the formation of dixanthogen by triiodide oxidation in the determination of ethyl xanthate by HPLC–ICP-MS/MS Suvela, Ronja Genevrais, Simon Niemelä, Matti Perämäki, Paavo Anal Sci Original Paper The rising concern over the environmental impact of xanthates, especially in the arctic region, has increased the need to study these traditional flotation reagents in greater detail. The environmental concern relates mostly to the formation of carbon disulfide (CS(2)) and the heavy metal complexes of xanthates. Due to the unstable nature and multiple reaction mechanisms of xanthates, their reliable determination at low concentration levels is difficult. In this study, a xanthate pretreatment method was optimized and applied for the determination of ethyl xanthate (EX(−)) by high performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–ICP-MS/MS). Ethyl xanthate was oxidized to diethyl dixanthogen ((EX)(2)) by triiodide (I(3)(−)) in aqueous solution and the formed (EX)(2) was extracted into n-hexane. Important experimental parameters, including pH, I(3)(−) amount, and oxidation time, were optimized and the detection limit of 0.29 mg L(−1) for potassium ethyl xanthate was obtained. During the optimization experiments, it was found that the oxidation reaction resulted in multiple products, decreasing the efficiency of (EX)(2) formation and, therefore, the sensitivity of the method. The proposed method was applied to wastewater samples with recoveries of 105–106%. This study provides a selective method for the determination of ethyl xanthate and introduces novel information on the parameters affecting the oxidation of xanthates. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] Springer Nature Singapore 2022-07-07 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9420687/ /pubmed/35796995 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s44211-022-00155-x Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Original Paper Suvela, Ronja Genevrais, Simon Niemelä, Matti Perämäki, Paavo The effect of experimental conditions on the formation of dixanthogen by triiodide oxidation in the determination of ethyl xanthate by HPLC–ICP-MS/MS |
title | The effect of experimental conditions on the formation of dixanthogen by triiodide oxidation in the determination of ethyl xanthate by HPLC–ICP-MS/MS |
title_full | The effect of experimental conditions on the formation of dixanthogen by triiodide oxidation in the determination of ethyl xanthate by HPLC–ICP-MS/MS |
title_fullStr | The effect of experimental conditions on the formation of dixanthogen by triiodide oxidation in the determination of ethyl xanthate by HPLC–ICP-MS/MS |
title_full_unstemmed | The effect of experimental conditions on the formation of dixanthogen by triiodide oxidation in the determination of ethyl xanthate by HPLC–ICP-MS/MS |
title_short | The effect of experimental conditions on the formation of dixanthogen by triiodide oxidation in the determination of ethyl xanthate by HPLC–ICP-MS/MS |
title_sort | effect of experimental conditions on the formation of dixanthogen by triiodide oxidation in the determination of ethyl xanthate by hplc–icp-ms/ms |
topic | Original Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9420687/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35796995 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s44211-022-00155-x |
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