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Mesenchymal stem cell therapy: A review of clinical trials for multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is the result of the body's own immune cells being auto-reactive to the myelin regions of the body as if these regions were foreign antigens. This demyelination process is damaging to the electrical conductivity of ne...

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Autores principales: Alanazi, Asma, Alassiri, Mohammad, Jawdat, Dunia, Almalik, Yaser
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Japanese Society for Regenerative Medicine 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9420954/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36092509
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reth.2022.07.003
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author Alanazi, Asma
Alassiri, Mohammad
Jawdat, Dunia
Almalik, Yaser
author_facet Alanazi, Asma
Alassiri, Mohammad
Jawdat, Dunia
Almalik, Yaser
author_sort Alanazi, Asma
collection PubMed
description Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is the result of the body's own immune cells being auto-reactive to the myelin regions of the body as if these regions were foreign antigens. This demyelination process is damaging to the electrical conductivity of neurons. The current medicines are only capable of fighting off the symptoms of the disease, but not the disease itself. Specialized stem cells, known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), seem to be the candidate therapy to get rid of MS. MSCs can be isolated from multiple sources of the person's body, and even from the umbilical cord (UC) and placenta of a donor. These cells have anti-inflammatory effects so they can target the overactivity and self-antigen attacks by T cells and macrophages; this immune system overactivity is characteristic of MS. MSCs show the ability to locate into brain lesions when injected and thus can compensate for the loss of the brain function by differentiating into neuronal precursor cells and glial cells. The author has listed tables of clinical trials that have utilized MSCs from different sources, along with the years and the phase of study completed for each trial. The consensus is that these cells work on inhibiting CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell activation, T regulatory cells (Tregs), and macrophage switch into the auto-immune phenotype. The best source of MSCs seems to be the UC due to the easiness of extraction, the noninvasive method of collection, their higher expansion ability and more powerful immune-modulating properties compared to other locations in the body. Studies showed there was a significant decline of mRNA expression of several cytokines after the administration of MSCs derived from the UC (UCMSCs). Other researchers were able to repair the defects of Tregs in MS patients by co-culturing Tregs from these patients with UCMSCs, which decreased the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN [Formula: see text] , and also suggested a strong link between Tregs lack of functionality in MS patients with the pathogenesis of the disease.
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spelling pubmed-94209542022-09-09 Mesenchymal stem cell therapy: A review of clinical trials for multiple sclerosis Alanazi, Asma Alassiri, Mohammad Jawdat, Dunia Almalik, Yaser Regen Ther Review Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is the result of the body's own immune cells being auto-reactive to the myelin regions of the body as if these regions were foreign antigens. This demyelination process is damaging to the electrical conductivity of neurons. The current medicines are only capable of fighting off the symptoms of the disease, but not the disease itself. Specialized stem cells, known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), seem to be the candidate therapy to get rid of MS. MSCs can be isolated from multiple sources of the person's body, and even from the umbilical cord (UC) and placenta of a donor. These cells have anti-inflammatory effects so they can target the overactivity and self-antigen attacks by T cells and macrophages; this immune system overactivity is characteristic of MS. MSCs show the ability to locate into brain lesions when injected and thus can compensate for the loss of the brain function by differentiating into neuronal precursor cells and glial cells. The author has listed tables of clinical trials that have utilized MSCs from different sources, along with the years and the phase of study completed for each trial. The consensus is that these cells work on inhibiting CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell activation, T regulatory cells (Tregs), and macrophage switch into the auto-immune phenotype. The best source of MSCs seems to be the UC due to the easiness of extraction, the noninvasive method of collection, their higher expansion ability and more powerful immune-modulating properties compared to other locations in the body. Studies showed there was a significant decline of mRNA expression of several cytokines after the administration of MSCs derived from the UC (UCMSCs). Other researchers were able to repair the defects of Tregs in MS patients by co-culturing Tregs from these patients with UCMSCs, which decreased the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN [Formula: see text] , and also suggested a strong link between Tregs lack of functionality in MS patients with the pathogenesis of the disease. Japanese Society for Regenerative Medicine 2022-08-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9420954/ /pubmed/36092509 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reth.2022.07.003 Text en © 2022 The Japanese Society for Regenerative Medicine. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Alanazi, Asma
Alassiri, Mohammad
Jawdat, Dunia
Almalik, Yaser
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy: A review of clinical trials for multiple sclerosis
title Mesenchymal stem cell therapy: A review of clinical trials for multiple sclerosis
title_full Mesenchymal stem cell therapy: A review of clinical trials for multiple sclerosis
title_fullStr Mesenchymal stem cell therapy: A review of clinical trials for multiple sclerosis
title_full_unstemmed Mesenchymal stem cell therapy: A review of clinical trials for multiple sclerosis
title_short Mesenchymal stem cell therapy: A review of clinical trials for multiple sclerosis
title_sort mesenchymal stem cell therapy: a review of clinical trials for multiple sclerosis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9420954/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36092509
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reth.2022.07.003
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