Development Trend of Liquid Hydrogen-Fueled Rocket Engines (Part 1: Performance and Operation)

SpaceX's successful development of reusable rockets and the realization of low-cost operations have significantly impacted the space industry, institutions, and companies. Price competitiveness has become a hot topic for launch vehicle development. A hydrogen-fueled rocket engine can be its solution. The developed countries are attempting to improve the performance and reliability of engines using a hydrogen-fuel. This paper summarizes the development and operation trends of hydrogen-fueled rocket engines of developed countries. It provides fundamental data for hydrogen-fueled rocket engine development, which is expected to be helpful in its future development.