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Host species and habitats shape the bacterial community of gut microbiota of three non-human primates: Siamangs, white-handed gibbons, and Bornean orangutans

The gut microbiome is essential for a host to digest food, maintain health, and adapt to environments. Bacterial communities of gut microbiota are influenced by diverse factors including host physiology and the environment. Many non-human primates (NHPs), which are physiologically close to humans, a...

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Autores principales: Ying, Chingwen, Siao, You-Shun, Chen, Wun-Jing, Chen, Yi-Ting, Chen, Szu-Lung, Chen, Yi-Lung, Hsu, Jih-Tay
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9424820/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36051771
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.920190
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author Ying, Chingwen
Siao, You-Shun
Chen, Wun-Jing
Chen, Yi-Ting
Chen, Szu-Lung
Chen, Yi-Lung
Hsu, Jih-Tay
author_facet Ying, Chingwen
Siao, You-Shun
Chen, Wun-Jing
Chen, Yi-Ting
Chen, Szu-Lung
Chen, Yi-Lung
Hsu, Jih-Tay
author_sort Ying, Chingwen
collection PubMed
description The gut microbiome is essential for a host to digest food, maintain health, and adapt to environments. Bacterial communities of gut microbiota are influenced by diverse factors including host physiology and the environment. Many non-human primates (NHPs), which are physiologically close to humans, are in danger of extinction. In this study, the community structure of the gut microbiota in three NHPs: siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus, Ss), Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus, Pp), and white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar, Hl)—housed at the largest Zoo in Taiwan were analyzed. Pp and Ss were housed in the Asian tropical rainforest area, while Hl was housed in two separate areas, the Asian tropical rainforest area and the conservation area. Bacterial community diversity of Ss, indicated by the Shannon index, was significantly higher compared with that of Hl and Pp, while the richness (Chao 1) and observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were similar across the three species of NHPs. Host species was the dominant factor shaping the gut microbial community structure. Beta-diversity analysis including non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) suggested gut bacterial communities of Hl housed in the conservation area were closely related to each other, while the bacterial communities of Hl in the rainforest area were dispersedly positioned. Further analysis revealed significantly higher abundances of Lactobacillus fermentum, L. murinus, and an unclassified species of Lactobacillus, and a lower abundance of Escherichia-Shigella in Hl from the conservation area relative to the rainforest area. The ratio of Lactobacillus to Escherichia-Shigella was 489.35 and 0.013 in Hl inhabiting the conservation and rainforest areas, respectively. High abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and a high ratio of Lactobacillus to Escherichia-Shigella were also observed in one siamang with notable longevity of 53 years. Data from the study reveal that host species acted as the fundamental driving factor in modulating the community structure of gut microbiota, but that habitats also acted as key determinants within species. The presence and high abundance of probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, provide potential indicators for future diet and habitat optimization for NHPs, especially in zoological settings.
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spelling pubmed-94248202022-08-31 Host species and habitats shape the bacterial community of gut microbiota of three non-human primates: Siamangs, white-handed gibbons, and Bornean orangutans Ying, Chingwen Siao, You-Shun Chen, Wun-Jing Chen, Yi-Ting Chen, Szu-Lung Chen, Yi-Lung Hsu, Jih-Tay Front Microbiol Microbiology The gut microbiome is essential for a host to digest food, maintain health, and adapt to environments. Bacterial communities of gut microbiota are influenced by diverse factors including host physiology and the environment. Many non-human primates (NHPs), which are physiologically close to humans, are in danger of extinction. In this study, the community structure of the gut microbiota in three NHPs: siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus, Ss), Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus, Pp), and white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar, Hl)—housed at the largest Zoo in Taiwan were analyzed. Pp and Ss were housed in the Asian tropical rainforest area, while Hl was housed in two separate areas, the Asian tropical rainforest area and the conservation area. Bacterial community diversity of Ss, indicated by the Shannon index, was significantly higher compared with that of Hl and Pp, while the richness (Chao 1) and observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were similar across the three species of NHPs. Host species was the dominant factor shaping the gut microbial community structure. Beta-diversity analysis including non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) suggested gut bacterial communities of Hl housed in the conservation area were closely related to each other, while the bacterial communities of Hl in the rainforest area were dispersedly positioned. Further analysis revealed significantly higher abundances of Lactobacillus fermentum, L. murinus, and an unclassified species of Lactobacillus, and a lower abundance of Escherichia-Shigella in Hl from the conservation area relative to the rainforest area. The ratio of Lactobacillus to Escherichia-Shigella was 489.35 and 0.013 in Hl inhabiting the conservation and rainforest areas, respectively. High abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and a high ratio of Lactobacillus to Escherichia-Shigella were also observed in one siamang with notable longevity of 53 years. Data from the study reveal that host species acted as the fundamental driving factor in modulating the community structure of gut microbiota, but that habitats also acted as key determinants within species. The presence and high abundance of probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, provide potential indicators for future diet and habitat optimization for NHPs, especially in zoological settings. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-08-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9424820/ /pubmed/36051771 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.920190 Text en Copyright © 2022 Ying, Siao, Chen, Chen, Chen, Chen and Hsu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Ying, Chingwen
Siao, You-Shun
Chen, Wun-Jing
Chen, Yi-Ting
Chen, Szu-Lung
Chen, Yi-Lung
Hsu, Jih-Tay
Host species and habitats shape the bacterial community of gut microbiota of three non-human primates: Siamangs, white-handed gibbons, and Bornean orangutans
title Host species and habitats shape the bacterial community of gut microbiota of three non-human primates: Siamangs, white-handed gibbons, and Bornean orangutans
title_full Host species and habitats shape the bacterial community of gut microbiota of three non-human primates: Siamangs, white-handed gibbons, and Bornean orangutans
title_fullStr Host species and habitats shape the bacterial community of gut microbiota of three non-human primates: Siamangs, white-handed gibbons, and Bornean orangutans
title_full_unstemmed Host species and habitats shape the bacterial community of gut microbiota of three non-human primates: Siamangs, white-handed gibbons, and Bornean orangutans
title_short Host species and habitats shape the bacterial community of gut microbiota of three non-human primates: Siamangs, white-handed gibbons, and Bornean orangutans
title_sort host species and habitats shape the bacterial community of gut microbiota of three non-human primates: siamangs, white-handed gibbons, and bornean orangutans
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9424820/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36051771
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.920190
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