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Miniaturized CO(2) Gas Sensor Using 20% ScAlN-Based Pyroelectric Detector
[Image: see text] NDIR CO(2) gas sensors using a 10-cm-long gas channel and CMOS-compatible 12% doped ScAlN pyroelectric detector have previously demonstrated detection limits down to 25 ppm and fast response time of ∼2 s. Here, we increase the doping concentration of Sc to 20% in our ScAlN-based py...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Chemical Society
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9425554/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35943904 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.2c00980 |
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author | Ng, Doris Keh Ting Xu, Linfang Chen, Weiguo Wang, Huanhuan Gu, Zhonghua Chia, Xavier Xujie Fu, Yuan Hsing Jaafar, Norhanani Ho, Chong Pei Zhang, Tantan Zhang, Qingxin Lee, Lennon Yao Ting |
author_facet | Ng, Doris Keh Ting Xu, Linfang Chen, Weiguo Wang, Huanhuan Gu, Zhonghua Chia, Xavier Xujie Fu, Yuan Hsing Jaafar, Norhanani Ho, Chong Pei Zhang, Tantan Zhang, Qingxin Lee, Lennon Yao Ting |
author_sort | Ng, Doris Keh Ting |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] NDIR CO(2) gas sensors using a 10-cm-long gas channel and CMOS-compatible 12% doped ScAlN pyroelectric detector have previously demonstrated detection limits down to 25 ppm and fast response time of ∼2 s. Here, we increase the doping concentration of Sc to 20% in our ScAlN-based pyroelectric detector and miniaturize the gas channel by ∼65× volume with length reduction from 10 to 4 cm and diameter reduction from 5 to 1 mm. The CMOS-compatible 20% ScAlN-based pyroelectric detectors are fabricated over 8-in. wafers, allowing cost reduction leveraging on semiconductor manufacturing. Cross-sectional TEM images show the presence of abnormally oriented grains in the 20% ScAlN sensing layer in the pyroelectric detector stack. Optically, the absorption spectrum of the pyroelectric detector stack across the mid-infrared wavelength region shows ∼50% absorption at the CO(2) absorption wavelength of 4.26 μm. The pyroelectric coefficient of these 20% ScAlN with abnormally oriented grains shows, in general, a higher value compared to that for 12% ScAlN. While keeping the temperature variation constant at 2 °C, we note that the pyroelectric coefficient seems to increase with background temperature. CO(2) gas responses are measured for 20% ScAlN-based pyroelectric detectors in both 10-cm-long and 4-cm-long gas channels, respectively. The results show that for the miniaturized CO(2) gas sensor, we are able to measure the gas response from 5000 ppm down to 100 ppm of CO(2) gas concentration with CO(2) gas response time of ∼5 s, sufficient for practical applications as the average outdoor CO(2) level is ∼400 ppm. The selectivity of this miniaturized CO(2) gas sensor is also tested by mixing CO(2) with nitrogen and 49% sulfur hexafluoride, respectively. The results show high selectivity to CO(2) with nitrogen and 49% sulfur hexafluoride each causing a minimum ∼0.39% and ∼0.36% signal voltage change, respectively. These results bring promise to compact and miniature low cost CO(2) gas sensors based on pyroelectric detectors, which could possibly be integrated with consumer electronics for real-time air quality monitoring. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9425554 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | American Chemical Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94255542022-08-31 Miniaturized CO(2) Gas Sensor Using 20% ScAlN-Based Pyroelectric Detector Ng, Doris Keh Ting Xu, Linfang Chen, Weiguo Wang, Huanhuan Gu, Zhonghua Chia, Xavier Xujie Fu, Yuan Hsing Jaafar, Norhanani Ho, Chong Pei Zhang, Tantan Zhang, Qingxin Lee, Lennon Yao Ting ACS Sens [Image: see text] NDIR CO(2) gas sensors using a 10-cm-long gas channel and CMOS-compatible 12% doped ScAlN pyroelectric detector have previously demonstrated detection limits down to 25 ppm and fast response time of ∼2 s. Here, we increase the doping concentration of Sc to 20% in our ScAlN-based pyroelectric detector and miniaturize the gas channel by ∼65× volume with length reduction from 10 to 4 cm and diameter reduction from 5 to 1 mm. The CMOS-compatible 20% ScAlN-based pyroelectric detectors are fabricated over 8-in. wafers, allowing cost reduction leveraging on semiconductor manufacturing. Cross-sectional TEM images show the presence of abnormally oriented grains in the 20% ScAlN sensing layer in the pyroelectric detector stack. Optically, the absorption spectrum of the pyroelectric detector stack across the mid-infrared wavelength region shows ∼50% absorption at the CO(2) absorption wavelength of 4.26 μm. The pyroelectric coefficient of these 20% ScAlN with abnormally oriented grains shows, in general, a higher value compared to that for 12% ScAlN. While keeping the temperature variation constant at 2 °C, we note that the pyroelectric coefficient seems to increase with background temperature. CO(2) gas responses are measured for 20% ScAlN-based pyroelectric detectors in both 10-cm-long and 4-cm-long gas channels, respectively. The results show that for the miniaturized CO(2) gas sensor, we are able to measure the gas response from 5000 ppm down to 100 ppm of CO(2) gas concentration with CO(2) gas response time of ∼5 s, sufficient for practical applications as the average outdoor CO(2) level is ∼400 ppm. The selectivity of this miniaturized CO(2) gas sensor is also tested by mixing CO(2) with nitrogen and 49% sulfur hexafluoride, respectively. The results show high selectivity to CO(2) with nitrogen and 49% sulfur hexafluoride each causing a minimum ∼0.39% and ∼0.36% signal voltage change, respectively. These results bring promise to compact and miniature low cost CO(2) gas sensors based on pyroelectric detectors, which could possibly be integrated with consumer electronics for real-time air quality monitoring. American Chemical Society 2022-08-09 2022-08-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9425554/ /pubmed/35943904 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.2c00980 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Permits the broadest form of re-use including for commercial purposes, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Ng, Doris Keh Ting Xu, Linfang Chen, Weiguo Wang, Huanhuan Gu, Zhonghua Chia, Xavier Xujie Fu, Yuan Hsing Jaafar, Norhanani Ho, Chong Pei Zhang, Tantan Zhang, Qingxin Lee, Lennon Yao Ting Miniaturized CO(2) Gas Sensor Using 20% ScAlN-Based Pyroelectric Detector |
title | Miniaturized
CO(2) Gas Sensor Using 20% ScAlN-Based
Pyroelectric Detector |
title_full | Miniaturized
CO(2) Gas Sensor Using 20% ScAlN-Based
Pyroelectric Detector |
title_fullStr | Miniaturized
CO(2) Gas Sensor Using 20% ScAlN-Based
Pyroelectric Detector |
title_full_unstemmed | Miniaturized
CO(2) Gas Sensor Using 20% ScAlN-Based
Pyroelectric Detector |
title_short | Miniaturized
CO(2) Gas Sensor Using 20% ScAlN-Based
Pyroelectric Detector |
title_sort | miniaturized
co(2) gas sensor using 20% scaln-based
pyroelectric detector |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9425554/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35943904 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.2c00980 |
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