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An exploratory study to characterize the HIV testing-to-care continuum to improve outcomes for Black and Latinx residents of South Los Angeles
BACKGROUND: South Los Angeles (SPA6), with mostly Black (27.4%) and Latinx (68.2%) residents, has the second highest rates of new HIV diagnoses (31 per 100,000) in Los Angeles County. However, there is limited understanding of the HIV testing-to-care continuum among newly diagnosed in this setting....
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9426881/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36040966 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268374 |
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author | McAndrew, Breann M. Gil, Noemi Lee, David P. Teklehaimanot, Senait Schrode, Katrina M. Bailey, Shanelle Jordan, Wilbert Spencer, LaShonda Y. Rothman, Ellen Harawa, Nina T. Daniels, Joseph |
author_facet | McAndrew, Breann M. Gil, Noemi Lee, David P. Teklehaimanot, Senait Schrode, Katrina M. Bailey, Shanelle Jordan, Wilbert Spencer, LaShonda Y. Rothman, Ellen Harawa, Nina T. Daniels, Joseph |
author_sort | McAndrew, Breann M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: South Los Angeles (SPA6), with mostly Black (27.4%) and Latinx (68.2%) residents, has the second highest rates of new HIV diagnoses (31 per 100,000) in Los Angeles County. However, there is limited understanding of the HIV testing-to-care continuum among newly diagnosed in this setting. METHODS: We conducted an exploratory study that analyzed de-identified data, including demographic characteristics and biomedical outcomes, from the electronic medical records of individuals newly diagnosed with HIV from 2016–2020 at the only public safety-net, county-run health department HIV clinic in SPA 6. We used Pearson Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact test to explore associations with HIV outcomes and a Kaplan-Meier survival curve to assess the time to linkage to care. RESULTS: A total of 281 patients were identified. The majority (74.1%) presented with a baseline CD4 <500, many of which presented with a CD4<200 (39.2%). We found twice as many newly diagnosed Black individuals in our study population (48.2%) when compared to LAC (23%), despite only accounting for 27.4% of residents in SPA 6. The majority were linked to care within 30 days of positive test and prescribed anti-retroviral therapy. Viral suppression (59.8%) and undetectable VL (52.6%) were achieved within the year following diagnosis, with 9.3% lost to follow-up. Of those who became virally suppressed, 20.7% experienced viral rebound within the year following diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The large proportion of patients with a baseline CD4 <500 raises concerns about late diagnoses. Despite high rates of linkage to care and ART prescription, achievement of sustained viral suppression remains low with high rates of viral rebound. Longitudinal studies are needed to understand the barriers to early testing, retention in care, and treatment adherence to develop strategies and interventions with community organizations that respond to the unique needs of people living with HIV in South Los Angeles. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9426881 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94268812022-08-31 An exploratory study to characterize the HIV testing-to-care continuum to improve outcomes for Black and Latinx residents of South Los Angeles McAndrew, Breann M. Gil, Noemi Lee, David P. Teklehaimanot, Senait Schrode, Katrina M. Bailey, Shanelle Jordan, Wilbert Spencer, LaShonda Y. Rothman, Ellen Harawa, Nina T. Daniels, Joseph PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: South Los Angeles (SPA6), with mostly Black (27.4%) and Latinx (68.2%) residents, has the second highest rates of new HIV diagnoses (31 per 100,000) in Los Angeles County. However, there is limited understanding of the HIV testing-to-care continuum among newly diagnosed in this setting. METHODS: We conducted an exploratory study that analyzed de-identified data, including demographic characteristics and biomedical outcomes, from the electronic medical records of individuals newly diagnosed with HIV from 2016–2020 at the only public safety-net, county-run health department HIV clinic in SPA 6. We used Pearson Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact test to explore associations with HIV outcomes and a Kaplan-Meier survival curve to assess the time to linkage to care. RESULTS: A total of 281 patients were identified. The majority (74.1%) presented with a baseline CD4 <500, many of which presented with a CD4<200 (39.2%). We found twice as many newly diagnosed Black individuals in our study population (48.2%) when compared to LAC (23%), despite only accounting for 27.4% of residents in SPA 6. The majority were linked to care within 30 days of positive test and prescribed anti-retroviral therapy. Viral suppression (59.8%) and undetectable VL (52.6%) were achieved within the year following diagnosis, with 9.3% lost to follow-up. Of those who became virally suppressed, 20.7% experienced viral rebound within the year following diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The large proportion of patients with a baseline CD4 <500 raises concerns about late diagnoses. Despite high rates of linkage to care and ART prescription, achievement of sustained viral suppression remains low with high rates of viral rebound. Longitudinal studies are needed to understand the barriers to early testing, retention in care, and treatment adherence to develop strategies and interventions with community organizations that respond to the unique needs of people living with HIV in South Los Angeles. Public Library of Science 2022-08-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9426881/ /pubmed/36040966 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268374 Text en © 2022 McAndrew et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article McAndrew, Breann M. Gil, Noemi Lee, David P. Teklehaimanot, Senait Schrode, Katrina M. Bailey, Shanelle Jordan, Wilbert Spencer, LaShonda Y. Rothman, Ellen Harawa, Nina T. Daniels, Joseph An exploratory study to characterize the HIV testing-to-care continuum to improve outcomes for Black and Latinx residents of South Los Angeles |
title | An exploratory study to characterize the HIV testing-to-care continuum to improve outcomes for Black and Latinx residents of South Los Angeles |
title_full | An exploratory study to characterize the HIV testing-to-care continuum to improve outcomes for Black and Latinx residents of South Los Angeles |
title_fullStr | An exploratory study to characterize the HIV testing-to-care continuum to improve outcomes for Black and Latinx residents of South Los Angeles |
title_full_unstemmed | An exploratory study to characterize the HIV testing-to-care continuum to improve outcomes for Black and Latinx residents of South Los Angeles |
title_short | An exploratory study to characterize the HIV testing-to-care continuum to improve outcomes for Black and Latinx residents of South Los Angeles |
title_sort | exploratory study to characterize the hiv testing-to-care continuum to improve outcomes for black and latinx residents of south los angeles |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9426881/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36040966 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268374 |
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