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Mechanistic PK-PD model of alendronate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis predicts bone site-specific response

Alendronate is the most widely used drug for postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). It inhibits bone resorption, affecting osteoclasts. Pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of alendronate have been widely studied, but few mathematical models exist to simulate its effect. In this work, we have...

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Autores principales: Calvo-Gallego, José L., Pivonka, Peter, Ruiz-Lozano, Rocío, Martínez-Reina, Javier
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9428150/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36061434
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.940620
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author Calvo-Gallego, José L.
Pivonka, Peter
Ruiz-Lozano, Rocío
Martínez-Reina, Javier
author_facet Calvo-Gallego, José L.
Pivonka, Peter
Ruiz-Lozano, Rocío
Martínez-Reina, Javier
author_sort Calvo-Gallego, José L.
collection PubMed
description Alendronate is the most widely used drug for postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). It inhibits bone resorption, affecting osteoclasts. Pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of alendronate have been widely studied, but few mathematical models exist to simulate its effect. In this work, we have developed a PK model for alendronate, valid for short- and long-term treatments, and a mechanistic PK-PD model for the treatment of PMO to predict bone density gain (BDG) at the hip and lumbar spine. According to our results, at least three compartments are required in the PK model to predict the effect of alendronate in both the short and long terms. Clinical data of a 2-year treatment of alendronate, reproduced by our PK-PD model, demonstrate that bone response is site specific (hip: 7% BDG, lumbar spine: 4% BDG). We identified that this BDG is mainly due to an increase in tissue mineralization and a decrease in porosity. The difference in BDG between sites is linked to the different loading and dependence of the released alendronate on the bone-specific surface and porosity. Osteoclast population diminishes quickly within the first month of alendronate treatment. Osteoblast population lags behind but also falls due to coupling of resorption and formation. Two dosing regimens were studied (70 mg weekly and 10 mg daily), and both showed very similar BDG evolution, indicating that alendronate accumulates quickly in bone and saturates. The proposed PK-PD model could provide a valuable tool to analyze the effect of alendronate and to design patient-specific treatments, including drug combinations.
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spelling pubmed-94281502022-09-01 Mechanistic PK-PD model of alendronate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis predicts bone site-specific response Calvo-Gallego, José L. Pivonka, Peter Ruiz-Lozano, Rocío Martínez-Reina, Javier Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology Alendronate is the most widely used drug for postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). It inhibits bone resorption, affecting osteoclasts. Pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of alendronate have been widely studied, but few mathematical models exist to simulate its effect. In this work, we have developed a PK model for alendronate, valid for short- and long-term treatments, and a mechanistic PK-PD model for the treatment of PMO to predict bone density gain (BDG) at the hip and lumbar spine. According to our results, at least three compartments are required in the PK model to predict the effect of alendronate in both the short and long terms. Clinical data of a 2-year treatment of alendronate, reproduced by our PK-PD model, demonstrate that bone response is site specific (hip: 7% BDG, lumbar spine: 4% BDG). We identified that this BDG is mainly due to an increase in tissue mineralization and a decrease in porosity. The difference in BDG between sites is linked to the different loading and dependence of the released alendronate on the bone-specific surface and porosity. Osteoclast population diminishes quickly within the first month of alendronate treatment. Osteoblast population lags behind but also falls due to coupling of resorption and formation. Two dosing regimens were studied (70 mg weekly and 10 mg daily), and both showed very similar BDG evolution, indicating that alendronate accumulates quickly in bone and saturates. The proposed PK-PD model could provide a valuable tool to analyze the effect of alendronate and to design patient-specific treatments, including drug combinations. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-08-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9428150/ /pubmed/36061434 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.940620 Text en Copyright © 2022 Calvo-Gallego, Pivonka, Ruiz-Lozano and Martínez-Reina. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Calvo-Gallego, José L.
Pivonka, Peter
Ruiz-Lozano, Rocío
Martínez-Reina, Javier
Mechanistic PK-PD model of alendronate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis predicts bone site-specific response
title Mechanistic PK-PD model of alendronate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis predicts bone site-specific response
title_full Mechanistic PK-PD model of alendronate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis predicts bone site-specific response
title_fullStr Mechanistic PK-PD model of alendronate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis predicts bone site-specific response
title_full_unstemmed Mechanistic PK-PD model of alendronate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis predicts bone site-specific response
title_short Mechanistic PK-PD model of alendronate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis predicts bone site-specific response
title_sort mechanistic pk-pd model of alendronate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis predicts bone site-specific response
topic Bioengineering and Biotechnology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9428150/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36061434
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.940620
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