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Risk of acquiring Ascaris lumbricoides infection in an endemically infected rural community in Venezuela

Soil-transmitted helminths, such as Ascaris lumbricoides, are the most prevalent parasites globally. Optimal anthelmintic treatment for A. lumbricoides in endemically infected communities is challenged by several host-related and environmental factors influencing infection acquisition. We assessed t...

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Autores principales: Incani, Renzo Nino, Mughini-Gras, Lapo, Homan, Tobias, Sequera, Ivan, Sequera, Luis, Serrano, Ruth, Sequera, Carlos, Salas, Luis, Salazar, Marisabel, Santos, Paola
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cambridge University Press 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9428904/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35983726
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268822001273
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author Incani, Renzo Nino
Mughini-Gras, Lapo
Homan, Tobias
Sequera, Ivan
Sequera, Luis
Serrano, Ruth
Sequera, Carlos
Salas, Luis
Salazar, Marisabel
Santos, Paola
author_facet Incani, Renzo Nino
Mughini-Gras, Lapo
Homan, Tobias
Sequera, Ivan
Sequera, Luis
Serrano, Ruth
Sequera, Carlos
Salas, Luis
Salazar, Marisabel
Santos, Paola
author_sort Incani, Renzo Nino
collection PubMed
description Soil-transmitted helminths, such as Ascaris lumbricoides, are the most prevalent parasites globally. Optimal anthelmintic treatment for A. lumbricoides in endemically infected communities is challenged by several host-related and environmental factors influencing infection acquisition. We assessed the risk of A. lumbricoides (re)infection after treatment in a Venezuelan rural community. Individual merthiolate-iodine-formaldehyde-fixed faecal samples were collected from 224 persons before a single-dose pyrantel treatment and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 15 months after treatment. Effects of age, sex and socioeconomic status (SES) on A. lumbricoides prevalence, eggs/gram faeces (EPG) and infection (re)acquisition were assessed using both generalised linear mixed-effects models and survival analysis. Pre-treatment A. lumbricoides prevalence was 39.7%. Higher prevalence was associated with younger age and lower SES. Higher EPG values were observed among young children. Median time to A. lumbricoides infection was six months after treatment: at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 15 months post-treatment, cumulative incidence was 6.7%, 18.9%, 34.6%, 42.2%, and 52.6%, respectively. Younger age, lower SES, and pre-treatment A. lumbricoides infection status showed significantly elevated hazard ratios. Mass drug administration protocols would benefit from considering these factors in selective treatment strategies and possibly more than just annual or biannual treatments in the target population.
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spelling pubmed-94289042022-09-13 Risk of acquiring Ascaris lumbricoides infection in an endemically infected rural community in Venezuela Incani, Renzo Nino Mughini-Gras, Lapo Homan, Tobias Sequera, Ivan Sequera, Luis Serrano, Ruth Sequera, Carlos Salas, Luis Salazar, Marisabel Santos, Paola Epidemiol Infect Original Paper Soil-transmitted helminths, such as Ascaris lumbricoides, are the most prevalent parasites globally. Optimal anthelmintic treatment for A. lumbricoides in endemically infected communities is challenged by several host-related and environmental factors influencing infection acquisition. We assessed the risk of A. lumbricoides (re)infection after treatment in a Venezuelan rural community. Individual merthiolate-iodine-formaldehyde-fixed faecal samples were collected from 224 persons before a single-dose pyrantel treatment and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 15 months after treatment. Effects of age, sex and socioeconomic status (SES) on A. lumbricoides prevalence, eggs/gram faeces (EPG) and infection (re)acquisition were assessed using both generalised linear mixed-effects models and survival analysis. Pre-treatment A. lumbricoides prevalence was 39.7%. Higher prevalence was associated with younger age and lower SES. Higher EPG values were observed among young children. Median time to A. lumbricoides infection was six months after treatment: at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 15 months post-treatment, cumulative incidence was 6.7%, 18.9%, 34.6%, 42.2%, and 52.6%, respectively. Younger age, lower SES, and pre-treatment A. lumbricoides infection status showed significantly elevated hazard ratios. Mass drug administration protocols would benefit from considering these factors in selective treatment strategies and possibly more than just annual or biannual treatments in the target population. Cambridge University Press 2022-07-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9428904/ /pubmed/35983726 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268822001273 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Paper
Incani, Renzo Nino
Mughini-Gras, Lapo
Homan, Tobias
Sequera, Ivan
Sequera, Luis
Serrano, Ruth
Sequera, Carlos
Salas, Luis
Salazar, Marisabel
Santos, Paola
Risk of acquiring Ascaris lumbricoides infection in an endemically infected rural community in Venezuela
title Risk of acquiring Ascaris lumbricoides infection in an endemically infected rural community in Venezuela
title_full Risk of acquiring Ascaris lumbricoides infection in an endemically infected rural community in Venezuela
title_fullStr Risk of acquiring Ascaris lumbricoides infection in an endemically infected rural community in Venezuela
title_full_unstemmed Risk of acquiring Ascaris lumbricoides infection in an endemically infected rural community in Venezuela
title_short Risk of acquiring Ascaris lumbricoides infection in an endemically infected rural community in Venezuela
title_sort risk of acquiring ascaris lumbricoides infection in an endemically infected rural community in venezuela
topic Original Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9428904/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35983726
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268822001273
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