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Metabolic and immune/inflammatory alterations induced by a triathlon under extreme conditions
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of triathlon racing under extreme conditions on metabolic and immune/inflammatory responses. METHODS: Thirteen amateur athletes participated in an extreme triathlon competition (swim – 3.8 km; cycling – 180 km; running – 4 2 km; with a 3,700 m accumulated altitude...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9429993/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36060625 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.915343 |
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author | Momesso Santos, Cesar Miguel Amaral, Jônatas Bussador Rossi, Marcelo Vieria, Rodolfo Paula Abad, Cesar Cavinato Cal Bachi, André Luis Lacerda |
author_facet | Momesso Santos, Cesar Miguel Amaral, Jônatas Bussador Rossi, Marcelo Vieria, Rodolfo Paula Abad, Cesar Cavinato Cal Bachi, André Luis Lacerda |
author_sort | Momesso Santos, Cesar Miguel |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of triathlon racing under extreme conditions on metabolic and immune/inflammatory responses. METHODS: Thirteen amateur athletes participated in an extreme triathlon competition (swim – 3.8 km; cycling – 180 km; running – 4 2 km; with a 3,700 m accumulated altitude). Blood samples were collected on three different occasions: pre-competition (baseline), immediately post-competition (IM), and 12 h post-competition (12 h) to evaluate glycemic and lipid profiles, leukocytes count, and cytokines levels in plasma and in whole-blood cell culture supernatant stimulated or not with LPS. RESULTS: Decreased glucose and triglycerides levels, increased LDL, and a significant leukocytosis were observed at IM and 12 h compared to baseline. In addition, higher serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were found at IM than in baseline and post-12 h. Whereas increased IL-12p40 levels were observed for 12 h compared to baseline. At baseline, in LPS-stimulated cell culture, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12p70 were higher, while IL-12p40 levels were lower than non-stimulated cell culture. At IM, IL-12p40 levels were unchanged, while higher levels of other cytokines were found in LPS-stimulated cell culture compared to non-stimulated cell culture. The 12 h results showed higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in LPS-stimulated cell culture than in non-stimulated cell culture. Additionally, a significant negative correlation between circulating glucose levels and IL-6 was found. CONCLUSION: The triathlon competition's performance under extreme conditions has remarkable impacts on the lipid profile and systemic immune/inflammatory responses. For the first time, significant alterations in the cytokine responses of whole blood cell culture to LPS-stimulation in baseline, IM, and 12h were demonstrated. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9429993 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94299932022-09-01 Metabolic and immune/inflammatory alterations induced by a triathlon under extreme conditions Momesso Santos, Cesar Miguel Amaral, Jônatas Bussador Rossi, Marcelo Vieria, Rodolfo Paula Abad, Cesar Cavinato Cal Bachi, André Luis Lacerda Front Sports Act Living Sports and Active Living PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of triathlon racing under extreme conditions on metabolic and immune/inflammatory responses. METHODS: Thirteen amateur athletes participated in an extreme triathlon competition (swim – 3.8 km; cycling – 180 km; running – 4 2 km; with a 3,700 m accumulated altitude). Blood samples were collected on three different occasions: pre-competition (baseline), immediately post-competition (IM), and 12 h post-competition (12 h) to evaluate glycemic and lipid profiles, leukocytes count, and cytokines levels in plasma and in whole-blood cell culture supernatant stimulated or not with LPS. RESULTS: Decreased glucose and triglycerides levels, increased LDL, and a significant leukocytosis were observed at IM and 12 h compared to baseline. In addition, higher serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were found at IM than in baseline and post-12 h. Whereas increased IL-12p40 levels were observed for 12 h compared to baseline. At baseline, in LPS-stimulated cell culture, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12p70 were higher, while IL-12p40 levels were lower than non-stimulated cell culture. At IM, IL-12p40 levels were unchanged, while higher levels of other cytokines were found in LPS-stimulated cell culture compared to non-stimulated cell culture. The 12 h results showed higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in LPS-stimulated cell culture than in non-stimulated cell culture. Additionally, a significant negative correlation between circulating glucose levels and IL-6 was found. CONCLUSION: The triathlon competition's performance under extreme conditions has remarkable impacts on the lipid profile and systemic immune/inflammatory responses. For the first time, significant alterations in the cytokine responses of whole blood cell culture to LPS-stimulation in baseline, IM, and 12h were demonstrated. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-08-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9429993/ /pubmed/36060625 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.915343 Text en Copyright © 2022 Momesso Santos, Amaral, Rossi, Vieria, Abad and Bachi. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Sports and Active Living Momesso Santos, Cesar Miguel Amaral, Jônatas Bussador Rossi, Marcelo Vieria, Rodolfo Paula Abad, Cesar Cavinato Cal Bachi, André Luis Lacerda Metabolic and immune/inflammatory alterations induced by a triathlon under extreme conditions |
title | Metabolic and immune/inflammatory alterations induced by a triathlon under extreme conditions |
title_full | Metabolic and immune/inflammatory alterations induced by a triathlon under extreme conditions |
title_fullStr | Metabolic and immune/inflammatory alterations induced by a triathlon under extreme conditions |
title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic and immune/inflammatory alterations induced by a triathlon under extreme conditions |
title_short | Metabolic and immune/inflammatory alterations induced by a triathlon under extreme conditions |
title_sort | metabolic and immune/inflammatory alterations induced by a triathlon under extreme conditions |
topic | Sports and Active Living |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9429993/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36060625 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.915343 |
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