Transvaginal Direct Puncture and Ethanol Sclerotherapy for Cervicovaginal Venous Malformations: A Case Report and Literature Review

Cervicovaginal venous malformations are extremely rare. Sclerotherapy is proven to be effective for superficial venous malformations but not for venous malformations in the lower genital tract of women. A 52-year-old female presented with intermittent vaginal bleeding. The amount of vaginal bleeding gradually increased over 3 months. Contrast-enhanced pelvis CT showed several phleboliths and dilated vessels, but pelvic angiography showed no early draining veins, nidus, or feeding artery. We performed transvaginal direct puncture and ethanol sclerotherapy rather than surgical treatment because she wanted to preserve the uterus. After four sessions of sclerotherapy, she had significantly decreased vaginal bleeding without complications. Here, we report the first case of cervicovaginal venous malformations successfully treated with transvaginal direct puncture and ethanol sclerotherapy.