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Underlying Immune Mechanisms Involved in Cow’s Milk-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions Manifesting as Atopic Dermatitis

Of the many symptoms associated with cow’s milk allergy (CMA), many populations face the burden of the appearance or worsening of atopic dermatitis (AD) when consuming milk products. Due to the prevalence and possible severity of symptoms, it is important to understand the underlying immune mechanis...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Weimer, Derek S, Demory Beckler, Michelle
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9433788/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36059314
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.27604
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author Weimer, Derek S
Demory Beckler, Michelle
author_facet Weimer, Derek S
Demory Beckler, Michelle
author_sort Weimer, Derek S
collection PubMed
description Of the many symptoms associated with cow’s milk allergy (CMA), many populations face the burden of the appearance or worsening of atopic dermatitis (AD) when consuming milk products. Due to the prevalence and possible severity of symptoms, it is important to understand the underlying immune mechanisms involved in such reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions are exaggerated immune responses to often benign antigens, many times resulting in a cascade of pro-inflammatory processes. Of the four major types, type I and IV are of most relevance when considering atopic dermatitis worsened by cow’s milk. Considered a “true allergy,” type I (immediate) hypersensitivity reactions occur within hours after secondary exposure to an allergen and are primarily driven by antibodies and humoral immune responses. On the contrary, type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity reactions are driven by cell-mediated responses involving T-cell activation. Due to the array of symptoms induced by these complex reactions, it is imperative to diagnose early and treat appropriately. In this literature review, we aim to highlight the primary underlying immune contributors to hypersensitivity reactions, discuss AD as a manifestation of hypersensitivity reactions to cow’s milk, and consider current and future treatment options for combatting hypersensitivities manifesting as AD.
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spelling pubmed-94337882022-09-03 Underlying Immune Mechanisms Involved in Cow’s Milk-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions Manifesting as Atopic Dermatitis Weimer, Derek S Demory Beckler, Michelle Cureus Dermatology Of the many symptoms associated with cow’s milk allergy (CMA), many populations face the burden of the appearance or worsening of atopic dermatitis (AD) when consuming milk products. Due to the prevalence and possible severity of symptoms, it is important to understand the underlying immune mechanisms involved in such reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions are exaggerated immune responses to often benign antigens, many times resulting in a cascade of pro-inflammatory processes. Of the four major types, type I and IV are of most relevance when considering atopic dermatitis worsened by cow’s milk. Considered a “true allergy,” type I (immediate) hypersensitivity reactions occur within hours after secondary exposure to an allergen and are primarily driven by antibodies and humoral immune responses. On the contrary, type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity reactions are driven by cell-mediated responses involving T-cell activation. Due to the array of symptoms induced by these complex reactions, it is imperative to diagnose early and treat appropriately. In this literature review, we aim to highlight the primary underlying immune contributors to hypersensitivity reactions, discuss AD as a manifestation of hypersensitivity reactions to cow’s milk, and consider current and future treatment options for combatting hypersensitivities manifesting as AD. Cureus 2022-08-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9433788/ /pubmed/36059314 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.27604 Text en Copyright © 2022, Weimer et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Dermatology
Weimer, Derek S
Demory Beckler, Michelle
Underlying Immune Mechanisms Involved in Cow’s Milk-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions Manifesting as Atopic Dermatitis
title Underlying Immune Mechanisms Involved in Cow’s Milk-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions Manifesting as Atopic Dermatitis
title_full Underlying Immune Mechanisms Involved in Cow’s Milk-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions Manifesting as Atopic Dermatitis
title_fullStr Underlying Immune Mechanisms Involved in Cow’s Milk-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions Manifesting as Atopic Dermatitis
title_full_unstemmed Underlying Immune Mechanisms Involved in Cow’s Milk-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions Manifesting as Atopic Dermatitis
title_short Underlying Immune Mechanisms Involved in Cow’s Milk-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions Manifesting as Atopic Dermatitis
title_sort underlying immune mechanisms involved in cow’s milk-induced hypersensitivity reactions manifesting as atopic dermatitis
topic Dermatology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9433788/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36059314
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.27604
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