Cargando…

Oral rabies vaccination of dogs—Experiences from a field trial in Namibia

Dog-mediated rabies is responsible for tens of thousands of human deaths annually, and in resource-constrained settings, vaccinating dogs to control the disease at source remains challenging. Currently, rabies elimination efforts rely on mass dog vaccination by the parenteral route. To increase the...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Freuling, Conrad Martin, Busch, Frank, Vos, Adriaan, Ortmann, Steffen, Lohr, Frederic, Hedimbi, Nehemia, Peter, Josephat, Nelson, Herman Adimba, Shoombe, Kenneth, Shilongo, Albertina, Gorejena, Brighton, Kaholongo, Lukas, Khaiseb, Siegfried, van der Westhuizen, Jolandie, Dietze, Klaas, Geurtse, Goi, Müller, Thomas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9436088/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35994498
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010422
_version_ 1784781282930065408
author Freuling, Conrad Martin
Busch, Frank
Vos, Adriaan
Ortmann, Steffen
Lohr, Frederic
Hedimbi, Nehemia
Peter, Josephat
Nelson, Herman Adimba
Shoombe, Kenneth
Shilongo, Albertina
Gorejena, Brighton
Kaholongo, Lukas
Khaiseb, Siegfried
van der Westhuizen, Jolandie
Dietze, Klaas
Geurtse, Goi
Müller, Thomas
author_facet Freuling, Conrad Martin
Busch, Frank
Vos, Adriaan
Ortmann, Steffen
Lohr, Frederic
Hedimbi, Nehemia
Peter, Josephat
Nelson, Herman Adimba
Shoombe, Kenneth
Shilongo, Albertina
Gorejena, Brighton
Kaholongo, Lukas
Khaiseb, Siegfried
van der Westhuizen, Jolandie
Dietze, Klaas
Geurtse, Goi
Müller, Thomas
author_sort Freuling, Conrad Martin
collection PubMed
description Dog-mediated rabies is responsible for tens of thousands of human deaths annually, and in resource-constrained settings, vaccinating dogs to control the disease at source remains challenging. Currently, rabies elimination efforts rely on mass dog vaccination by the parenteral route. To increase the herd immunity, free-roaming and stray dogs need to be specifically addressed in the vaccination campaigns, with oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of dogs being a possible solution. Using a third-generation vaccine and a standardized egg-flavoured bait, bait uptake and vaccination was assessed under field conditions in Namibia. During this trial, both veterinary staff as well as dog owners expressed their appreciation to this approach of vaccination. Of 1,115 dogs offered a bait, 90% (n = 1,006, 95%CI:91–94) consumed the bait and 72.9% (n = 813, 95%CI:70.2–75.4) of dogs were assessed as being vaccinated by direct observation, while for 11.7% (n = 130, 95%CI:9.9–17.7) the status was recorded as “unkown” and 15.4% (n = 172, 95%CI: 13.4–17.7) were considered as being not vaccinated. Smaller dogs and dogs offered a bait with multiple other dogs had significantly higher vaccination rates, while other factors, e.g. sex, confinement status and time had no influence. The favorable results of this first large-scale field trial further support the strategic integration of ORV into dog rabies control programmes. Given the acceptance of the egg-flavored bait under various settings worldwide, ORV of dogs could become a game-changer in countries, where control strategies using parenteral vaccination alone failed to reach sufficient vaccination coverage in the dog population.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9436088
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-94360882022-09-02 Oral rabies vaccination of dogs—Experiences from a field trial in Namibia Freuling, Conrad Martin Busch, Frank Vos, Adriaan Ortmann, Steffen Lohr, Frederic Hedimbi, Nehemia Peter, Josephat Nelson, Herman Adimba Shoombe, Kenneth Shilongo, Albertina Gorejena, Brighton Kaholongo, Lukas Khaiseb, Siegfried van der Westhuizen, Jolandie Dietze, Klaas Geurtse, Goi Müller, Thomas PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article Dog-mediated rabies is responsible for tens of thousands of human deaths annually, and in resource-constrained settings, vaccinating dogs to control the disease at source remains challenging. Currently, rabies elimination efforts rely on mass dog vaccination by the parenteral route. To increase the herd immunity, free-roaming and stray dogs need to be specifically addressed in the vaccination campaigns, with oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of dogs being a possible solution. Using a third-generation vaccine and a standardized egg-flavoured bait, bait uptake and vaccination was assessed under field conditions in Namibia. During this trial, both veterinary staff as well as dog owners expressed their appreciation to this approach of vaccination. Of 1,115 dogs offered a bait, 90% (n = 1,006, 95%CI:91–94) consumed the bait and 72.9% (n = 813, 95%CI:70.2–75.4) of dogs were assessed as being vaccinated by direct observation, while for 11.7% (n = 130, 95%CI:9.9–17.7) the status was recorded as “unkown” and 15.4% (n = 172, 95%CI: 13.4–17.7) were considered as being not vaccinated. Smaller dogs and dogs offered a bait with multiple other dogs had significantly higher vaccination rates, while other factors, e.g. sex, confinement status and time had no influence. The favorable results of this first large-scale field trial further support the strategic integration of ORV into dog rabies control programmes. Given the acceptance of the egg-flavored bait under various settings worldwide, ORV of dogs could become a game-changer in countries, where control strategies using parenteral vaccination alone failed to reach sufficient vaccination coverage in the dog population. Public Library of Science 2022-08-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9436088/ /pubmed/35994498 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010422 Text en © 2022 Freuling et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Freuling, Conrad Martin
Busch, Frank
Vos, Adriaan
Ortmann, Steffen
Lohr, Frederic
Hedimbi, Nehemia
Peter, Josephat
Nelson, Herman Adimba
Shoombe, Kenneth
Shilongo, Albertina
Gorejena, Brighton
Kaholongo, Lukas
Khaiseb, Siegfried
van der Westhuizen, Jolandie
Dietze, Klaas
Geurtse, Goi
Müller, Thomas
Oral rabies vaccination of dogs—Experiences from a field trial in Namibia
title Oral rabies vaccination of dogs—Experiences from a field trial in Namibia
title_full Oral rabies vaccination of dogs—Experiences from a field trial in Namibia
title_fullStr Oral rabies vaccination of dogs—Experiences from a field trial in Namibia
title_full_unstemmed Oral rabies vaccination of dogs—Experiences from a field trial in Namibia
title_short Oral rabies vaccination of dogs—Experiences from a field trial in Namibia
title_sort oral rabies vaccination of dogs—experiences from a field trial in namibia
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9436088/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35994498
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010422
work_keys_str_mv AT freulingconradmartin oralrabiesvaccinationofdogsexperiencesfromafieldtrialinnamibia
AT buschfrank oralrabiesvaccinationofdogsexperiencesfromafieldtrialinnamibia
AT vosadriaan oralrabiesvaccinationofdogsexperiencesfromafieldtrialinnamibia
AT ortmannsteffen oralrabiesvaccinationofdogsexperiencesfromafieldtrialinnamibia
AT lohrfrederic oralrabiesvaccinationofdogsexperiencesfromafieldtrialinnamibia
AT hedimbinehemia oralrabiesvaccinationofdogsexperiencesfromafieldtrialinnamibia
AT peterjosephat oralrabiesvaccinationofdogsexperiencesfromafieldtrialinnamibia
AT nelsonhermanadimba oralrabiesvaccinationofdogsexperiencesfromafieldtrialinnamibia
AT shoombekenneth oralrabiesvaccinationofdogsexperiencesfromafieldtrialinnamibia
AT shilongoalbertina oralrabiesvaccinationofdogsexperiencesfromafieldtrialinnamibia
AT gorejenabrighton oralrabiesvaccinationofdogsexperiencesfromafieldtrialinnamibia
AT kaholongolukas oralrabiesvaccinationofdogsexperiencesfromafieldtrialinnamibia
AT khaisebsiegfried oralrabiesvaccinationofdogsexperiencesfromafieldtrialinnamibia
AT vanderwesthuizenjolandie oralrabiesvaccinationofdogsexperiencesfromafieldtrialinnamibia
AT dietzeklaas oralrabiesvaccinationofdogsexperiencesfromafieldtrialinnamibia
AT geurtsegoi oralrabiesvaccinationofdogsexperiencesfromafieldtrialinnamibia
AT mullerthomas oralrabiesvaccinationofdogsexperiencesfromafieldtrialinnamibia