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Oral rabies vaccination of dogs—Experiences from a field trial in Namibia
Dog-mediated rabies is responsible for tens of thousands of human deaths annually, and in resource-constrained settings, vaccinating dogs to control the disease at source remains challenging. Currently, rabies elimination efforts rely on mass dog vaccination by the parenteral route. To increase the...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9436088/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35994498 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010422 |
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author | Freuling, Conrad Martin Busch, Frank Vos, Adriaan Ortmann, Steffen Lohr, Frederic Hedimbi, Nehemia Peter, Josephat Nelson, Herman Adimba Shoombe, Kenneth Shilongo, Albertina Gorejena, Brighton Kaholongo, Lukas Khaiseb, Siegfried van der Westhuizen, Jolandie Dietze, Klaas Geurtse, Goi Müller, Thomas |
author_facet | Freuling, Conrad Martin Busch, Frank Vos, Adriaan Ortmann, Steffen Lohr, Frederic Hedimbi, Nehemia Peter, Josephat Nelson, Herman Adimba Shoombe, Kenneth Shilongo, Albertina Gorejena, Brighton Kaholongo, Lukas Khaiseb, Siegfried van der Westhuizen, Jolandie Dietze, Klaas Geurtse, Goi Müller, Thomas |
author_sort | Freuling, Conrad Martin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Dog-mediated rabies is responsible for tens of thousands of human deaths annually, and in resource-constrained settings, vaccinating dogs to control the disease at source remains challenging. Currently, rabies elimination efforts rely on mass dog vaccination by the parenteral route. To increase the herd immunity, free-roaming and stray dogs need to be specifically addressed in the vaccination campaigns, with oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of dogs being a possible solution. Using a third-generation vaccine and a standardized egg-flavoured bait, bait uptake and vaccination was assessed under field conditions in Namibia. During this trial, both veterinary staff as well as dog owners expressed their appreciation to this approach of vaccination. Of 1,115 dogs offered a bait, 90% (n = 1,006, 95%CI:91–94) consumed the bait and 72.9% (n = 813, 95%CI:70.2–75.4) of dogs were assessed as being vaccinated by direct observation, while for 11.7% (n = 130, 95%CI:9.9–17.7) the status was recorded as “unkown” and 15.4% (n = 172, 95%CI: 13.4–17.7) were considered as being not vaccinated. Smaller dogs and dogs offered a bait with multiple other dogs had significantly higher vaccination rates, while other factors, e.g. sex, confinement status and time had no influence. The favorable results of this first large-scale field trial further support the strategic integration of ORV into dog rabies control programmes. Given the acceptance of the egg-flavored bait under various settings worldwide, ORV of dogs could become a game-changer in countries, where control strategies using parenteral vaccination alone failed to reach sufficient vaccination coverage in the dog population. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9436088 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94360882022-09-02 Oral rabies vaccination of dogs—Experiences from a field trial in Namibia Freuling, Conrad Martin Busch, Frank Vos, Adriaan Ortmann, Steffen Lohr, Frederic Hedimbi, Nehemia Peter, Josephat Nelson, Herman Adimba Shoombe, Kenneth Shilongo, Albertina Gorejena, Brighton Kaholongo, Lukas Khaiseb, Siegfried van der Westhuizen, Jolandie Dietze, Klaas Geurtse, Goi Müller, Thomas PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article Dog-mediated rabies is responsible for tens of thousands of human deaths annually, and in resource-constrained settings, vaccinating dogs to control the disease at source remains challenging. Currently, rabies elimination efforts rely on mass dog vaccination by the parenteral route. To increase the herd immunity, free-roaming and stray dogs need to be specifically addressed in the vaccination campaigns, with oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of dogs being a possible solution. Using a third-generation vaccine and a standardized egg-flavoured bait, bait uptake and vaccination was assessed under field conditions in Namibia. During this trial, both veterinary staff as well as dog owners expressed their appreciation to this approach of vaccination. Of 1,115 dogs offered a bait, 90% (n = 1,006, 95%CI:91–94) consumed the bait and 72.9% (n = 813, 95%CI:70.2–75.4) of dogs were assessed as being vaccinated by direct observation, while for 11.7% (n = 130, 95%CI:9.9–17.7) the status was recorded as “unkown” and 15.4% (n = 172, 95%CI: 13.4–17.7) were considered as being not vaccinated. Smaller dogs and dogs offered a bait with multiple other dogs had significantly higher vaccination rates, while other factors, e.g. sex, confinement status and time had no influence. The favorable results of this first large-scale field trial further support the strategic integration of ORV into dog rabies control programmes. Given the acceptance of the egg-flavored bait under various settings worldwide, ORV of dogs could become a game-changer in countries, where control strategies using parenteral vaccination alone failed to reach sufficient vaccination coverage in the dog population. Public Library of Science 2022-08-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9436088/ /pubmed/35994498 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010422 Text en © 2022 Freuling et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Freuling, Conrad Martin Busch, Frank Vos, Adriaan Ortmann, Steffen Lohr, Frederic Hedimbi, Nehemia Peter, Josephat Nelson, Herman Adimba Shoombe, Kenneth Shilongo, Albertina Gorejena, Brighton Kaholongo, Lukas Khaiseb, Siegfried van der Westhuizen, Jolandie Dietze, Klaas Geurtse, Goi Müller, Thomas Oral rabies vaccination of dogs—Experiences from a field trial in Namibia |
title | Oral rabies vaccination of dogs—Experiences from a field trial in Namibia |
title_full | Oral rabies vaccination of dogs—Experiences from a field trial in Namibia |
title_fullStr | Oral rabies vaccination of dogs—Experiences from a field trial in Namibia |
title_full_unstemmed | Oral rabies vaccination of dogs—Experiences from a field trial in Namibia |
title_short | Oral rabies vaccination of dogs—Experiences from a field trial in Namibia |
title_sort | oral rabies vaccination of dogs—experiences from a field trial in namibia |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9436088/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35994498 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010422 |
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