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Neutrophil extracellular traps facilitate cancer metastasis: cellular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies

BACKGROUND: The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was initially discovered as a novel immune response against pathogens. Recent studies have also suggested that NETs play an important role in tumor progression. This review summarizes the cellular mechanisms by which NETs promote dis...

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Autores principales: Hu, Wenxing, Lee, Serene M. L., Bazhin, Alexandr V., Guba, Markus, Werner, Jens, Nieß, Hanno
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9436160/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36050539
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00432-022-04310-9
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author Hu, Wenxing
Lee, Serene M. L.
Bazhin, Alexandr V.
Guba, Markus
Werner, Jens
Nieß, Hanno
author_facet Hu, Wenxing
Lee, Serene M. L.
Bazhin, Alexandr V.
Guba, Markus
Werner, Jens
Nieß, Hanno
author_sort Hu, Wenxing
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was initially discovered as a novel immune response against pathogens. Recent studies have also suggested that NETs play an important role in tumor progression. This review summarizes the cellular mechanisms by which NETs promote distant metastasis and discusses the possible clinical applications targeting NETs. METHOD: The relevant literature from PubMed and Google Scholar (2001–2021) have been reviewed for this article. RESULTS: The presence of NETs has been detected in various primary tumors and metastatic sites. NET-associated interactions have been observed throughout the different stages of metastasis, including initial tumor cell detachment, intravasation and extravasation, the survival of circulating tumor cells, the settlement and the growth of metastatic tumor cells. Several in vitro and in vivo studies proved that inhibiting NET formation resulted in anti-cancer effects. The biosafety and efficacy of some NET inhibitors have also been demonstrated in early phase clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the role of NETs in tumor progression, NETs could be a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for cancer management. However, current evidence is mostly derived from experimental models and as such more clinical studies are still needed to verify the clinical significance of NETs in oncological settings.
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spelling pubmed-94361602022-09-02 Neutrophil extracellular traps facilitate cancer metastasis: cellular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies Hu, Wenxing Lee, Serene M. L. Bazhin, Alexandr V. Guba, Markus Werner, Jens Nieß, Hanno J Cancer Res Clin Oncol Review BACKGROUND: The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was initially discovered as a novel immune response against pathogens. Recent studies have also suggested that NETs play an important role in tumor progression. This review summarizes the cellular mechanisms by which NETs promote distant metastasis and discusses the possible clinical applications targeting NETs. METHOD: The relevant literature from PubMed and Google Scholar (2001–2021) have been reviewed for this article. RESULTS: The presence of NETs has been detected in various primary tumors and metastatic sites. NET-associated interactions have been observed throughout the different stages of metastasis, including initial tumor cell detachment, intravasation and extravasation, the survival of circulating tumor cells, the settlement and the growth of metastatic tumor cells. Several in vitro and in vivo studies proved that inhibiting NET formation resulted in anti-cancer effects. The biosafety and efficacy of some NET inhibitors have also been demonstrated in early phase clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the role of NETs in tumor progression, NETs could be a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for cancer management. However, current evidence is mostly derived from experimental models and as such more clinical studies are still needed to verify the clinical significance of NETs in oncological settings. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2022-09-01 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC9436160/ /pubmed/36050539 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00432-022-04310-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Review
Hu, Wenxing
Lee, Serene M. L.
Bazhin, Alexandr V.
Guba, Markus
Werner, Jens
Nieß, Hanno
Neutrophil extracellular traps facilitate cancer metastasis: cellular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies
title Neutrophil extracellular traps facilitate cancer metastasis: cellular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies
title_full Neutrophil extracellular traps facilitate cancer metastasis: cellular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies
title_fullStr Neutrophil extracellular traps facilitate cancer metastasis: cellular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies
title_full_unstemmed Neutrophil extracellular traps facilitate cancer metastasis: cellular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies
title_short Neutrophil extracellular traps facilitate cancer metastasis: cellular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies
title_sort neutrophil extracellular traps facilitate cancer metastasis: cellular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9436160/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36050539
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00432-022-04310-9
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