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Using Time-out for Child Conduct Problems in the Context of Trauma and Adversity: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial

IMPORTANCE: Exposure to adverse childhood experiences substantially increases the risk of chronic health problems. Originally designed to treat child conduct problems, parent management training programs have been shown to be effective in preventing children from being exposed to further adversity a...

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Autores principales: Roach, Alex C., Lechowicz, Meryn, Yiu, Yu, Mendoza Diaz, Antonio, Hawes, David, Dadds, Mark R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Medical Association 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9437765/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36048440
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.29726
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author Roach, Alex C.
Lechowicz, Meryn
Yiu, Yu
Mendoza Diaz, Antonio
Hawes, David
Dadds, Mark R.
author_facet Roach, Alex C.
Lechowicz, Meryn
Yiu, Yu
Mendoza Diaz, Antonio
Hawes, David
Dadds, Mark R.
author_sort Roach, Alex C.
collection PubMed
description IMPORTANCE: Exposure to adverse childhood experiences substantially increases the risk of chronic health problems. Originally designed to treat child conduct problems, parent management training programs have been shown to be effective in preventing children from being exposed to further adversity and supporting children’s recovery from adversity; however, there are increasing concerns that a core component of these programs, the discipline strategy time-out, may be harmful for children with a history of exposure to adversity. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the comparative benefits and potential harms to children exposed to adversity that are associated with parenting programs that include time-out. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This nonrandomized waiting list–controlled clinical study was conducted at a specialist clinic for the treatment of conduct problems in Sydney, Australia. The self-referred sample included children with conduct problems and their caregivers. Eligibility was confirmed through clinician-administered interviews. Data were collected between February 14, 2018, and February 1, 2021. INTERVENTIONS: Caregivers participated in a 10-session, social learning–based parent management training program. Caregivers were provided with parenting strategies aimed at encouraging desired behaviors through effective reinforcement and managing misbehavior through consistent limit setting, including the use of time-outs. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire score, and secondary outcomes included subscale scores from the clinician-administered Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, Adolescents, and Parents. Multi-informant measures of child adversity were collected using the parent-reported Adverse Life Experiences Scale and the clinician-rated Maltreatment Index. RESULTS: A total of 205 children were included in analysis (156 in the full intervention and 49 in the control condition; 158 boys [77.1%]; mean [SD] age, 5.6 [1.8] years [range, 2-9 years]). Compared with children with low adversity exposure, children with high adversity exposure showed greater reductions in the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire score from baseline (mean difference, 3.46 [95% CI, 1.51-5.41]; P < .001) to after treatment (mean difference, 1.49 [95% CI, −0.46 to 3.44]; P = .13) and in the internalizing symptom subscale score (baseline mean difference, 1.00 [95% CI, −2,00 to 0.00]; P = .50; posttreatment mean difference, 0.06 [95% CI, −0.82 to 0.94]; P = .90). No significant differences in the externalizing symptom subscale score were found. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this nonrandomized clinical study, children with high exposure to adversity experienced equivalent, if not greater, benefits associated with parenting programs that include time-out compared with children with low exposure to adversity. Results suggest that time-out was an effective component of parenting programs for children exposed to adversity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12617001472369
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spelling pubmed-94377652022-09-16 Using Time-out for Child Conduct Problems in the Context of Trauma and Adversity: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial Roach, Alex C. Lechowicz, Meryn Yiu, Yu Mendoza Diaz, Antonio Hawes, David Dadds, Mark R. JAMA Netw Open Original Investigation IMPORTANCE: Exposure to adverse childhood experiences substantially increases the risk of chronic health problems. Originally designed to treat child conduct problems, parent management training programs have been shown to be effective in preventing children from being exposed to further adversity and supporting children’s recovery from adversity; however, there are increasing concerns that a core component of these programs, the discipline strategy time-out, may be harmful for children with a history of exposure to adversity. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the comparative benefits and potential harms to children exposed to adversity that are associated with parenting programs that include time-out. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This nonrandomized waiting list–controlled clinical study was conducted at a specialist clinic for the treatment of conduct problems in Sydney, Australia. The self-referred sample included children with conduct problems and their caregivers. Eligibility was confirmed through clinician-administered interviews. Data were collected between February 14, 2018, and February 1, 2021. INTERVENTIONS: Caregivers participated in a 10-session, social learning–based parent management training program. Caregivers were provided with parenting strategies aimed at encouraging desired behaviors through effective reinforcement and managing misbehavior through consistent limit setting, including the use of time-outs. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire score, and secondary outcomes included subscale scores from the clinician-administered Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, Adolescents, and Parents. Multi-informant measures of child adversity were collected using the parent-reported Adverse Life Experiences Scale and the clinician-rated Maltreatment Index. RESULTS: A total of 205 children were included in analysis (156 in the full intervention and 49 in the control condition; 158 boys [77.1%]; mean [SD] age, 5.6 [1.8] years [range, 2-9 years]). Compared with children with low adversity exposure, children with high adversity exposure showed greater reductions in the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire score from baseline (mean difference, 3.46 [95% CI, 1.51-5.41]; P < .001) to after treatment (mean difference, 1.49 [95% CI, −0.46 to 3.44]; P = .13) and in the internalizing symptom subscale score (baseline mean difference, 1.00 [95% CI, −2,00 to 0.00]; P = .50; posttreatment mean difference, 0.06 [95% CI, −0.82 to 0.94]; P = .90). No significant differences in the externalizing symptom subscale score were found. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this nonrandomized clinical study, children with high exposure to adversity experienced equivalent, if not greater, benefits associated with parenting programs that include time-out compared with children with low exposure to adversity. Results suggest that time-out was an effective component of parenting programs for children exposed to adversity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12617001472369 American Medical Association 2022-09-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9437765/ /pubmed/36048440 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.29726 Text en Copyright 2022 Roach AC et al. JAMA Network Open. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License.
spellingShingle Original Investigation
Roach, Alex C.
Lechowicz, Meryn
Yiu, Yu
Mendoza Diaz, Antonio
Hawes, David
Dadds, Mark R.
Using Time-out for Child Conduct Problems in the Context of Trauma and Adversity: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial
title Using Time-out for Child Conduct Problems in the Context of Trauma and Adversity: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial
title_full Using Time-out for Child Conduct Problems in the Context of Trauma and Adversity: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial
title_fullStr Using Time-out for Child Conduct Problems in the Context of Trauma and Adversity: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial
title_full_unstemmed Using Time-out for Child Conduct Problems in the Context of Trauma and Adversity: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial
title_short Using Time-out for Child Conduct Problems in the Context of Trauma and Adversity: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial
title_sort using time-out for child conduct problems in the context of trauma and adversity: a nonrandomized controlled trial
topic Original Investigation
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9437765/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36048440
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.29726
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