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Vaccination decreases the risk of influenza A virus reassortment but not genetic variation in pigs

Although vaccination is broadly used in North American swine breeding herds, managing swine influenza is challenging primarily due to the continuous evolution of influenza A virus (IAV) and the ability of the virus to transmit among vaccinated pigs. Studies that have simultaneously assessed the impa...

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Autores principales: Li, Chong, Culhane, Marie R, Schroeder, Declan C, Cheeran, Maxim C-J, Galina Pantoja, Lucina, Jansen, Micah L, Torremorell, Montserrat
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9439680/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36052992
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.78618
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author Li, Chong
Culhane, Marie R
Schroeder, Declan C
Cheeran, Maxim C-J
Galina Pantoja, Lucina
Jansen, Micah L
Torremorell, Montserrat
author_facet Li, Chong
Culhane, Marie R
Schroeder, Declan C
Cheeran, Maxim C-J
Galina Pantoja, Lucina
Jansen, Micah L
Torremorell, Montserrat
author_sort Li, Chong
collection PubMed
description Although vaccination is broadly used in North American swine breeding herds, managing swine influenza is challenging primarily due to the continuous evolution of influenza A virus (IAV) and the ability of the virus to transmit among vaccinated pigs. Studies that have simultaneously assessed the impact of vaccination on the emergence of IAV reassortment and genetic variation in pigs are limited. Here, we directly sequenced 28 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples collected from vaccinated and unvaccinated pigs co-infected with H1N1 and H3N2 IAV strains, and characterized 202 individual viral plaques recovered from 13 BALF samples. We identified 54 reassortant viruses that were grouped in 17 single and 16 mixed genotypes. Notably, we found that prime-boost vaccinated pigs had less reassortant viruses than nonvaccinated pigs, likely due to a reduction in the number of days pigs were co-infected with both challenge viruses. However, direct sequencing from BALF samples revealed limited impact of vaccination on viral variant frequency, evolutionary rates, and nucleotide diversity in any IAV coding regions. Overall, our results highlight the value of IAV vaccination not only at limiting virus replication in pigs but also at protecting public health by restricting the generation of novel reassortants with zoonotic and/or pandemic potential.
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spelling pubmed-94396802022-09-03 Vaccination decreases the risk of influenza A virus reassortment but not genetic variation in pigs Li, Chong Culhane, Marie R Schroeder, Declan C Cheeran, Maxim C-J Galina Pantoja, Lucina Jansen, Micah L Torremorell, Montserrat eLife Microbiology and Infectious Disease Although vaccination is broadly used in North American swine breeding herds, managing swine influenza is challenging primarily due to the continuous evolution of influenza A virus (IAV) and the ability of the virus to transmit among vaccinated pigs. Studies that have simultaneously assessed the impact of vaccination on the emergence of IAV reassortment and genetic variation in pigs are limited. Here, we directly sequenced 28 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples collected from vaccinated and unvaccinated pigs co-infected with H1N1 and H3N2 IAV strains, and characterized 202 individual viral plaques recovered from 13 BALF samples. We identified 54 reassortant viruses that were grouped in 17 single and 16 mixed genotypes. Notably, we found that prime-boost vaccinated pigs had less reassortant viruses than nonvaccinated pigs, likely due to a reduction in the number of days pigs were co-infected with both challenge viruses. However, direct sequencing from BALF samples revealed limited impact of vaccination on viral variant frequency, evolutionary rates, and nucleotide diversity in any IAV coding regions. Overall, our results highlight the value of IAV vaccination not only at limiting virus replication in pigs but also at protecting public health by restricting the generation of novel reassortants with zoonotic and/or pandemic potential. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2022-09-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9439680/ /pubmed/36052992 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.78618 Text en © 2022, Li et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Microbiology and Infectious Disease
Li, Chong
Culhane, Marie R
Schroeder, Declan C
Cheeran, Maxim C-J
Galina Pantoja, Lucina
Jansen, Micah L
Torremorell, Montserrat
Vaccination decreases the risk of influenza A virus reassortment but not genetic variation in pigs
title Vaccination decreases the risk of influenza A virus reassortment but not genetic variation in pigs
title_full Vaccination decreases the risk of influenza A virus reassortment but not genetic variation in pigs
title_fullStr Vaccination decreases the risk of influenza A virus reassortment but not genetic variation in pigs
title_full_unstemmed Vaccination decreases the risk of influenza A virus reassortment but not genetic variation in pigs
title_short Vaccination decreases the risk of influenza A virus reassortment but not genetic variation in pigs
title_sort vaccination decreases the risk of influenza a virus reassortment but not genetic variation in pigs
topic Microbiology and Infectious Disease
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9439680/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36052992
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.78618
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