ANTXR1 Regulates Erythroid Cell Proliferation and Differentiation through wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway In Vitro and in Hematopoietic Stem Cell

Erythropoiesis is a highly complex and sophisticated multistage process regulated by many transcription factors, as well as noncoding RNAs. Anthrax toxin receptor 1 (ANTXR1) is a type I transmembrane protein that binds the anthrax toxin ligands and mediates the entry of its toxic part into cells. It also functions as a receptor for the Protective antigen (PA) of anthrax toxin, and mediates the entry of Edema factor (EF) and Lethal factor (LF) into the cytoplasm of target cells and exerts their toxicity. Previous research has shown that ANTXR1 inhibits the expression of γ-globin during the differentiation of erythroid cells. However, the effect on erythropoiesis from a cellular perspective has not been fully determined. This study examined the role of ANTXR1 on erythropoiesis using K562 and HUDEP-2 cell lines as well as cord blood CD34(+) cells. Our study has shown that overexpression of ANTXR1 can positively regulate erythrocyte proliferation, as well as inhibit GATA1 and ALAS2 expression, differentiation, and apoptosis in K562 cells and hematopoietic stem cells. ANTXR1 knockdown inhibited proliferation, promoted GATA1 and ALAS2 expression, accelerated erythrocyte differentiation and apoptosis, and promoted erythrocyte maturation. Our study also showed that ANTXR1 may regulate the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells, though the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which may help to establish a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of blood disorders.