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Correlation between country-level numbers of COVID-19 cases and mortalities, and country-level characteristics: A global study
Background: Not much is known about correlations between country-level characteristics and country-level numbers of COVID-19 cases and mortalities. Methods: Using data from the World Health Organization and other international organisations, we summarised country-level COVID-19 case and mortality co...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
SAGE Publications
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9441611/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35656592 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14034948221098925 |
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author | Okoli, George N. Neilson, Christine J. Abou-Setta, Ahmed M. |
author_facet | Okoli, George N. Neilson, Christine J. Abou-Setta, Ahmed M. |
author_sort | Okoli, George N. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Not much is known about correlations between country-level characteristics and country-level numbers of COVID-19 cases and mortalities. Methods: Using data from the World Health Organization and other international organisations, we summarised country-level COVID-19 case and mortality counts per 100,000 population, and COVID-19 case fatality rate from January 2020 to August 2021. We conducted adjusted linear regression analysis to assess relationships between these counts/rate and certain country-level characteristics. We reported adjusted regression coefficients, β and associated 95% confidence intervals. Results: There was a positive correlation between the number of cases and country-level male/female ratio, and positive correlations between the numbers of cases and mortalities and country-level proportion of 60+-year-olds, universal health coverage index of service coverage (UHC) and tourism. Country economic status correlated negatively with the numbers of cases and mortalities. COVID-19 case fatality rate was highest in Peru, South American region (9.2%), and lowest in Singapore, Western Pacific region (0.1%). A negative correlation was observed between case fatality rate and country-level male/female ratio, population density and economic status. These observations remained mostly among mid-/low-income countries, particularly a positive correlation between the number of cases and male/female ratio and proportion of 60+-year-olds. Conclusions: Various country-level characteristics such as male/female ratio, proportion of older adults, country economic status, UHC and tourism appear to be correlated with the country-level number of COVID-19 cases and/or mortalities. Consideration of these characteristics may be necessary when designing country-level COVID-19 epidemiological studies and in comparing COVID-19 data between countries. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9441611 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | SAGE Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94416112022-09-06 Correlation between country-level numbers of COVID-19 cases and mortalities, and country-level characteristics: A global study Okoli, George N. Neilson, Christine J. Abou-Setta, Ahmed M. Scand J Public Health Original Articles Background: Not much is known about correlations between country-level characteristics and country-level numbers of COVID-19 cases and mortalities. Methods: Using data from the World Health Organization and other international organisations, we summarised country-level COVID-19 case and mortality counts per 100,000 population, and COVID-19 case fatality rate from January 2020 to August 2021. We conducted adjusted linear regression analysis to assess relationships between these counts/rate and certain country-level characteristics. We reported adjusted regression coefficients, β and associated 95% confidence intervals. Results: There was a positive correlation between the number of cases and country-level male/female ratio, and positive correlations between the numbers of cases and mortalities and country-level proportion of 60+-year-olds, universal health coverage index of service coverage (UHC) and tourism. Country economic status correlated negatively with the numbers of cases and mortalities. COVID-19 case fatality rate was highest in Peru, South American region (9.2%), and lowest in Singapore, Western Pacific region (0.1%). A negative correlation was observed between case fatality rate and country-level male/female ratio, population density and economic status. These observations remained mostly among mid-/low-income countries, particularly a positive correlation between the number of cases and male/female ratio and proportion of 60+-year-olds. Conclusions: Various country-level characteristics such as male/female ratio, proportion of older adults, country economic status, UHC and tourism appear to be correlated with the country-level number of COVID-19 cases and/or mortalities. Consideration of these characteristics may be necessary when designing country-level COVID-19 epidemiological studies and in comparing COVID-19 data between countries. SAGE Publications 2022-06-02 2022-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9441611/ /pubmed/35656592 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14034948221098925 Text en © Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
spellingShingle | Original Articles Okoli, George N. Neilson, Christine J. Abou-Setta, Ahmed M. Correlation between country-level numbers of COVID-19 cases and mortalities, and country-level characteristics: A global study |
title | Correlation between country-level numbers of COVID-19 cases and
mortalities, and country-level characteristics: A global study |
title_full | Correlation between country-level numbers of COVID-19 cases and
mortalities, and country-level characteristics: A global study |
title_fullStr | Correlation between country-level numbers of COVID-19 cases and
mortalities, and country-level characteristics: A global study |
title_full_unstemmed | Correlation between country-level numbers of COVID-19 cases and
mortalities, and country-level characteristics: A global study |
title_short | Correlation between country-level numbers of COVID-19 cases and
mortalities, and country-level characteristics: A global study |
title_sort | correlation between country-level numbers of covid-19 cases and
mortalities, and country-level characteristics: a global study |
topic | Original Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9441611/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35656592 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14034948221098925 |
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