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A systematic review of interventions to support adults with ADHD at work—Implications from the paucity of context-specific research for theory and practice

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is estimated to affect 3.5% of the global workforce. Despite the high prevalence rate, little is known about how best to support adults with ADHD (ADHDers) at work. Relevant research is dispersed across different disciplines such as medicine, health st...

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Autores principales: Lauder, Kirsty, McDowall, Almuth, Tenenbaum, Harriet R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9443814/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36072032
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.893469
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author Lauder, Kirsty
McDowall, Almuth
Tenenbaum, Harriet R.
author_facet Lauder, Kirsty
McDowall, Almuth
Tenenbaum, Harriet R.
author_sort Lauder, Kirsty
collection PubMed
description Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is estimated to affect 3.5% of the global workforce. Despite the high prevalence rate, little is known about how best to support adults with ADHD (ADHDers) at work. Relevant research is dispersed across different disciplines such as medicine, health studies and psychology. Therefore, it is important to synthesize interventions aimed at ADHDers to examine what learning can be gleaned for effective workplace support. We conducted a systematic review of relevant interventions framed by realist evaluation and the Context-Intervention-Mechanism-Outcome classification to identify key mechanisms of effectiveness for workplace interventions. We searched 10 databases including a range of journals from medical science to business management applying predetermined inclusion criteria and quality appraisal through a risk of bias assessment for quantitative and qualitative methods. We synthesized 143 studies with realist evaluation. Most studies evaluated the effectiveness of pharmacological interventions highlighting the dominance of the medical approach to supporting ADHDers. Key mechanisms of effectiveness were identified from psychosocial interventions including group therapy, involvement of people in the ADHDers network, and the importance of the client-patient relationship. Overall, there is limited research that examines the effectiveness of workplace interventions for ADHDers. Furthermore, much of the existing research evaluates pharmacological interventions which is difficult to transfer to the workplace context. It is recommended that future research and practice consider the key mechanisms identified in this review when designing interventions as well as barriers to accessing support such as disclosure and self-awareness.
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spelling pubmed-94438142022-09-06 A systematic review of interventions to support adults with ADHD at work—Implications from the paucity of context-specific research for theory and practice Lauder, Kirsty McDowall, Almuth Tenenbaum, Harriet R. Front Psychol Psychology Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is estimated to affect 3.5% of the global workforce. Despite the high prevalence rate, little is known about how best to support adults with ADHD (ADHDers) at work. Relevant research is dispersed across different disciplines such as medicine, health studies and psychology. Therefore, it is important to synthesize interventions aimed at ADHDers to examine what learning can be gleaned for effective workplace support. We conducted a systematic review of relevant interventions framed by realist evaluation and the Context-Intervention-Mechanism-Outcome classification to identify key mechanisms of effectiveness for workplace interventions. We searched 10 databases including a range of journals from medical science to business management applying predetermined inclusion criteria and quality appraisal through a risk of bias assessment for quantitative and qualitative methods. We synthesized 143 studies with realist evaluation. Most studies evaluated the effectiveness of pharmacological interventions highlighting the dominance of the medical approach to supporting ADHDers. Key mechanisms of effectiveness were identified from psychosocial interventions including group therapy, involvement of people in the ADHDers network, and the importance of the client-patient relationship. Overall, there is limited research that examines the effectiveness of workplace interventions for ADHDers. Furthermore, much of the existing research evaluates pharmacological interventions which is difficult to transfer to the workplace context. It is recommended that future research and practice consider the key mechanisms identified in this review when designing interventions as well as barriers to accessing support such as disclosure and self-awareness. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-08-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9443814/ /pubmed/36072032 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.893469 Text en Copyright © 2022 Lauder, McDowall and Tenenbaum. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Lauder, Kirsty
McDowall, Almuth
Tenenbaum, Harriet R.
A systematic review of interventions to support adults with ADHD at work—Implications from the paucity of context-specific research for theory and practice
title A systematic review of interventions to support adults with ADHD at work—Implications from the paucity of context-specific research for theory and practice
title_full A systematic review of interventions to support adults with ADHD at work—Implications from the paucity of context-specific research for theory and practice
title_fullStr A systematic review of interventions to support adults with ADHD at work—Implications from the paucity of context-specific research for theory and practice
title_full_unstemmed A systematic review of interventions to support adults with ADHD at work—Implications from the paucity of context-specific research for theory and practice
title_short A systematic review of interventions to support adults with ADHD at work—Implications from the paucity of context-specific research for theory and practice
title_sort systematic review of interventions to support adults with adhd at work—implications from the paucity of context-specific research for theory and practice
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9443814/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36072032
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.893469
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