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Learnings from the Australian first few X household transmission project for COVID-19

BACKGROUND: First Few “X” (FFX) studies provide a platform to collect the required epidemiological, clinical and virological data to help address emerging information needs about the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We adapted the WHO FFX protocol for COVID-19 to understand severity and household transmi...

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Autores principales: Marcato, Adrian J., Black, Andrew J., Walker, Camelia R., Morris, Dylan, Meagher, Niamh, Price, David J., McVernon, Jodie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9444248/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36089928
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100573
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author Marcato, Adrian J.
Black, Andrew J.
Walker, Camelia R.
Morris, Dylan
Meagher, Niamh
Price, David J.
McVernon, Jodie
author_facet Marcato, Adrian J.
Black, Andrew J.
Walker, Camelia R.
Morris, Dylan
Meagher, Niamh
Price, David J.
McVernon, Jodie
author_sort Marcato, Adrian J.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: First Few “X” (FFX) studies provide a platform to collect the required epidemiological, clinical and virological data to help address emerging information needs about the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We adapted the WHO FFX protocol for COVID-19 to understand severity and household transmission dynamics in the early stages of the pandemic in Australia. Implementation strategies were developed for participating sites; all household members were followed for 14 days from case identification. Household contacts completed symptom diaries and had multiple respiratory swabs taken irrespective of symptoms. We modelled the spread of COVID-19 within households using a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered-type model, and calculated the household secondary attack rate and key epidemiological parameters. FINDINGS: 96 households with 101 cases and 286 household contacts were recruited into the study between April–October 2020. Forty household contacts tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the study follow-up period. Our model estimated the household secondary attack rate to be 15% (95% CI 8–25%), which scaled up with increasing household size. Our findings suggest children were less infectious than their adult counterparts but were also more susceptible to infection. INTERPRETATION: Our study provides important baseline data characterising the transmission of early SARS-CoV-2 strains from children and adults in Australia, against which properties of variants of concern can be benchmarked. We encountered many challenges with respect to logistics, ethics, governance and data management. Continued efforts to invest in preparedness research will help to test, refine and further develop Australian FFX study protocols in advance of future outbreaks. FUNDING: Australian Government Department of Health.
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spelling pubmed-94442482022-09-06 Learnings from the Australian first few X household transmission project for COVID-19 Marcato, Adrian J. Black, Andrew J. Walker, Camelia R. Morris, Dylan Meagher, Niamh Price, David J. McVernon, Jodie Lancet Reg Health West Pac Articles BACKGROUND: First Few “X” (FFX) studies provide a platform to collect the required epidemiological, clinical and virological data to help address emerging information needs about the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We adapted the WHO FFX protocol for COVID-19 to understand severity and household transmission dynamics in the early stages of the pandemic in Australia. Implementation strategies were developed for participating sites; all household members were followed for 14 days from case identification. Household contacts completed symptom diaries and had multiple respiratory swabs taken irrespective of symptoms. We modelled the spread of COVID-19 within households using a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered-type model, and calculated the household secondary attack rate and key epidemiological parameters. FINDINGS: 96 households with 101 cases and 286 household contacts were recruited into the study between April–October 2020. Forty household contacts tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the study follow-up period. Our model estimated the household secondary attack rate to be 15% (95% CI 8–25%), which scaled up with increasing household size. Our findings suggest children were less infectious than their adult counterparts but were also more susceptible to infection. INTERPRETATION: Our study provides important baseline data characterising the transmission of early SARS-CoV-2 strains from children and adults in Australia, against which properties of variants of concern can be benchmarked. We encountered many challenges with respect to logistics, ethics, governance and data management. Continued efforts to invest in preparedness research will help to test, refine and further develop Australian FFX study protocols in advance of future outbreaks. FUNDING: Australian Government Department of Health. Elsevier 2022-09-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9444248/ /pubmed/36089928 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100573 Text en © 2022 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Articles
Marcato, Adrian J.
Black, Andrew J.
Walker, Camelia R.
Morris, Dylan
Meagher, Niamh
Price, David J.
McVernon, Jodie
Learnings from the Australian first few X household transmission project for COVID-19
title Learnings from the Australian first few X household transmission project for COVID-19
title_full Learnings from the Australian first few X household transmission project for COVID-19
title_fullStr Learnings from the Australian first few X household transmission project for COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed Learnings from the Australian first few X household transmission project for COVID-19
title_short Learnings from the Australian first few X household transmission project for COVID-19
title_sort learnings from the australian first few x household transmission project for covid-19
topic Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9444248/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36089928
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100573
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