The Effect of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Supplementation on Renal Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials

BACKGROUND: The present systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed at determining the effect of saffron supplementation on renal function. METHODS: Electronic databases were searched up to February 2021. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. The overall weighted mean difference (WMD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effect models. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 11 trials were included in this study. Saffron had beneficial effect on BUN (WMD = −0.69 mg/dl; 95% CI, −1.36 to −0.01; P=0.046) compared to placebo, with significant heterogeneity (I(2) = 49.6%, P=0.037). However, it had no significant effect on serum Cr (WMD = 0.04 mg/dl; 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.09; P=0.127). CONCLUSION: It seems that saffron supplementation had no significant effect on Cr as a renal function factor. However, BUN reduction was significant in the saffron group compared to placebo.