Análisis evolutivo de morbimortalidad en cirugía de urgencias durante la pandemia: comparación retrospectiva entre primera y segunda ola de COVID-19

INTRODUCTION: Since the beginning of the pandemic, morbidity and mortality in emergency care of surgical patients have been the subject of several studies. However, most of these have compared this variable with that of the pre-COVID period, ignoring its evolution during the pandemic itself. In order to analyze this possible change, we performed a comparative study of morbidity and mortality in emergency surgery between the first and second waves of the pandemic in our center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective longitudinal study including all patients over the age of 18 admitted and/or operated in the emergency setting in the two maximum incidence periods (MIP) of COVID-19 infection (1st MIP: 22/03/2020–31/05/2020; 2nd MIP: 26/08/2020–30/11/2020). The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, treatment received, early morbidity and mortality and possible risk factors for complications were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 173 patients were analyzed (1st MIP: 66; 2nd MIP: 107). The incidence of COVID-19 was higher in the second period (14.95% vs. 4.54%). SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a higher rate of complications, however, no statistically significant differences were observed in morbimortality rate, either in the total sample (p = 0.746) or in patients with a positive COVID-19 test (p = 0.582) between both periods. Surgical treatment was found to be associated with a lower complication rate in both the first (p = 0.006) and second wave (p = 0.014), and it was more frequent in the second PMI (70.1 vs. 57.6%) although statistical significance was not reached (p = 0.065). CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences were observed in morbimortality of patients admitted and/or operated in the emergency setting in the two periods of maximum incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in our center. Surgical treatment was associated with a lower morbimortality rate, and it was more frequent in the second MIP.