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Measurement of focal light spot at single-photon level with silicon photomultipliers

Focal spot (light spot) at single-photon level have important applications in many fields. This report demonstrates a method for measuring focal spot size at the single-photon level indirectly. This method utilizes Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) as the single-photon sensitive detectors, combined wit...

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Autores principales: Yang, Yaxian, Zhang, Guoqing, Zhang, Chen, Cao, Xinyue, Liu, Lina, Li, Lianbi, Han, Xiaoxiang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9445098/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36064950
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17759-y
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author Yang, Yaxian
Zhang, Guoqing
Zhang, Chen
Cao, Xinyue
Liu, Lina
Li, Lianbi
Han, Xiaoxiang
author_facet Yang, Yaxian
Zhang, Guoqing
Zhang, Chen
Cao, Xinyue
Liu, Lina
Li, Lianbi
Han, Xiaoxiang
author_sort Yang, Yaxian
collection PubMed
description Focal spot (light spot) at single-photon level have important applications in many fields. This report demonstrates a method for measuring focal spot size at the single-photon level indirectly. This method utilizes Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) as the single-photon sensitive detectors, combined with a nano-positioning stage. The approach involves one- or two-dimensional space scanning and a deconvolution operation, which enable evaluations of the size and spatial distribution of the focal spot formed by a single-photon-level pulsed laser. The results indicate that the average full width at half maximum of the focal spot is about 0.657 μm, which is close to the nominal resolution of the objective lens of the microscope (i.e. 0.42 μm). The proposed method has two key advantages: (1) it can measure focal spot at the single-photon level, and (2) the focal spot can easily be aligned with the detector because the array area of the Geiger mode avalanche photodiode (Gm-APD) cells in SiPM is usually on the order of square millimeter, and there is no need to put an optical slit, knife edge, or pinhole in front of the detector. The method described herein is applicable in weak focal spot detection related fields.
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spelling pubmed-94450982022-09-07 Measurement of focal light spot at single-photon level with silicon photomultipliers Yang, Yaxian Zhang, Guoqing Zhang, Chen Cao, Xinyue Liu, Lina Li, Lianbi Han, Xiaoxiang Sci Rep Article Focal spot (light spot) at single-photon level have important applications in many fields. This report demonstrates a method for measuring focal spot size at the single-photon level indirectly. This method utilizes Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) as the single-photon sensitive detectors, combined with a nano-positioning stage. The approach involves one- or two-dimensional space scanning and a deconvolution operation, which enable evaluations of the size and spatial distribution of the focal spot formed by a single-photon-level pulsed laser. The results indicate that the average full width at half maximum of the focal spot is about 0.657 μm, which is close to the nominal resolution of the objective lens of the microscope (i.e. 0.42 μm). The proposed method has two key advantages: (1) it can measure focal spot at the single-photon level, and (2) the focal spot can easily be aligned with the detector because the array area of the Geiger mode avalanche photodiode (Gm-APD) cells in SiPM is usually on the order of square millimeter, and there is no need to put an optical slit, knife edge, or pinhole in front of the detector. The method described herein is applicable in weak focal spot detection related fields. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-09-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9445098/ /pubmed/36064950 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17759-y Text en © The Author(s) 2022, corrected publication 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Yang, Yaxian
Zhang, Guoqing
Zhang, Chen
Cao, Xinyue
Liu, Lina
Li, Lianbi
Han, Xiaoxiang
Measurement of focal light spot at single-photon level with silicon photomultipliers
title Measurement of focal light spot at single-photon level with silicon photomultipliers
title_full Measurement of focal light spot at single-photon level with silicon photomultipliers
title_fullStr Measurement of focal light spot at single-photon level with silicon photomultipliers
title_full_unstemmed Measurement of focal light spot at single-photon level with silicon photomultipliers
title_short Measurement of focal light spot at single-photon level with silicon photomultipliers
title_sort measurement of focal light spot at single-photon level with silicon photomultipliers
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9445098/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36064950
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17759-y
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