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Measurement of focal light spot at single-photon level with silicon photomultipliers
Focal spot (light spot) at single-photon level have important applications in many fields. This report demonstrates a method for measuring focal spot size at the single-photon level indirectly. This method utilizes Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) as the single-photon sensitive detectors, combined wit...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9445098/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36064950 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17759-y |
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author | Yang, Yaxian Zhang, Guoqing Zhang, Chen Cao, Xinyue Liu, Lina Li, Lianbi Han, Xiaoxiang |
author_facet | Yang, Yaxian Zhang, Guoqing Zhang, Chen Cao, Xinyue Liu, Lina Li, Lianbi Han, Xiaoxiang |
author_sort | Yang, Yaxian |
collection | PubMed |
description | Focal spot (light spot) at single-photon level have important applications in many fields. This report demonstrates a method for measuring focal spot size at the single-photon level indirectly. This method utilizes Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) as the single-photon sensitive detectors, combined with a nano-positioning stage. The approach involves one- or two-dimensional space scanning and a deconvolution operation, which enable evaluations of the size and spatial distribution of the focal spot formed by a single-photon-level pulsed laser. The results indicate that the average full width at half maximum of the focal spot is about 0.657 μm, which is close to the nominal resolution of the objective lens of the microscope (i.e. 0.42 μm). The proposed method has two key advantages: (1) it can measure focal spot at the single-photon level, and (2) the focal spot can easily be aligned with the detector because the array area of the Geiger mode avalanche photodiode (Gm-APD) cells in SiPM is usually on the order of square millimeter, and there is no need to put an optical slit, knife edge, or pinhole in front of the detector. The method described herein is applicable in weak focal spot detection related fields. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9445098 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94450982022-09-07 Measurement of focal light spot at single-photon level with silicon photomultipliers Yang, Yaxian Zhang, Guoqing Zhang, Chen Cao, Xinyue Liu, Lina Li, Lianbi Han, Xiaoxiang Sci Rep Article Focal spot (light spot) at single-photon level have important applications in many fields. This report demonstrates a method for measuring focal spot size at the single-photon level indirectly. This method utilizes Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) as the single-photon sensitive detectors, combined with a nano-positioning stage. The approach involves one- or two-dimensional space scanning and a deconvolution operation, which enable evaluations of the size and spatial distribution of the focal spot formed by a single-photon-level pulsed laser. The results indicate that the average full width at half maximum of the focal spot is about 0.657 μm, which is close to the nominal resolution of the objective lens of the microscope (i.e. 0.42 μm). The proposed method has two key advantages: (1) it can measure focal spot at the single-photon level, and (2) the focal spot can easily be aligned with the detector because the array area of the Geiger mode avalanche photodiode (Gm-APD) cells in SiPM is usually on the order of square millimeter, and there is no need to put an optical slit, knife edge, or pinhole in front of the detector. The method described herein is applicable in weak focal spot detection related fields. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-09-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9445098/ /pubmed/36064950 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17759-y Text en © The Author(s) 2022, corrected publication 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Yang, Yaxian Zhang, Guoqing Zhang, Chen Cao, Xinyue Liu, Lina Li, Lianbi Han, Xiaoxiang Measurement of focal light spot at single-photon level with silicon photomultipliers |
title | Measurement of focal light spot at single-photon level with silicon photomultipliers |
title_full | Measurement of focal light spot at single-photon level with silicon photomultipliers |
title_fullStr | Measurement of focal light spot at single-photon level with silicon photomultipliers |
title_full_unstemmed | Measurement of focal light spot at single-photon level with silicon photomultipliers |
title_short | Measurement of focal light spot at single-photon level with silicon photomultipliers |
title_sort | measurement of focal light spot at single-photon level with silicon photomultipliers |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9445098/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36064950 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17759-y |
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