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Mechanisms of extracellular vesicle-mediated immune evasion in melanoma

Melanoma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been found to promote tumor growth and progression, and to predict patient responsiveness to immunotherapy. Consequently, EVs have been implicated in tumor immune evasion, and multiple studies reported immune-regulatory activities of melanoma EVs in...

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Autor principal: Dieterich, Lothar C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9445580/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36081494
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1002551
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author Dieterich, Lothar C.
author_facet Dieterich, Lothar C.
author_sort Dieterich, Lothar C.
collection PubMed
description Melanoma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been found to promote tumor growth and progression, and to predict patient responsiveness to immunotherapy. Consequently, EVs have been implicated in tumor immune evasion, and multiple studies reported immune-regulatory activities of melanoma EVs in vitro and in vivo. This review highlights mechanistic insights in EV-mediated regulation of various immune cell types, including effects on inflammatory, apoptotic, stress-sensing and immune checkpoint pathways as well as antigen-dependent responses. Additionally, current challenges in the field are discussed that need to be overcome to determine the clinical relevance of these various mechanisms and to develop corresponding therapeutic approaches to promote tumor immunity and immunotherapy responsiveness in melanoma patients in the future.
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spelling pubmed-94455802022-09-07 Mechanisms of extracellular vesicle-mediated immune evasion in melanoma Dieterich, Lothar C. Front Immunol Immunology Melanoma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been found to promote tumor growth and progression, and to predict patient responsiveness to immunotherapy. Consequently, EVs have been implicated in tumor immune evasion, and multiple studies reported immune-regulatory activities of melanoma EVs in vitro and in vivo. This review highlights mechanistic insights in EV-mediated regulation of various immune cell types, including effects on inflammatory, apoptotic, stress-sensing and immune checkpoint pathways as well as antigen-dependent responses. Additionally, current challenges in the field are discussed that need to be overcome to determine the clinical relevance of these various mechanisms and to develop corresponding therapeutic approaches to promote tumor immunity and immunotherapy responsiveness in melanoma patients in the future. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-08-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9445580/ /pubmed/36081494 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1002551 Text en Copyright © 2022 Dieterich https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Dieterich, Lothar C.
Mechanisms of extracellular vesicle-mediated immune evasion in melanoma
title Mechanisms of extracellular vesicle-mediated immune evasion in melanoma
title_full Mechanisms of extracellular vesicle-mediated immune evasion in melanoma
title_fullStr Mechanisms of extracellular vesicle-mediated immune evasion in melanoma
title_full_unstemmed Mechanisms of extracellular vesicle-mediated immune evasion in melanoma
title_short Mechanisms of extracellular vesicle-mediated immune evasion in melanoma
title_sort mechanisms of extracellular vesicle-mediated immune evasion in melanoma
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9445580/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36081494
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1002551
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