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Mechanisms of extracellular vesicle-mediated immune evasion in melanoma
Melanoma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been found to promote tumor growth and progression, and to predict patient responsiveness to immunotherapy. Consequently, EVs have been implicated in tumor immune evasion, and multiple studies reported immune-regulatory activities of melanoma EVs in...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9445580/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36081494 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1002551 |
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author | Dieterich, Lothar C. |
author_facet | Dieterich, Lothar C. |
author_sort | Dieterich, Lothar C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Melanoma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been found to promote tumor growth and progression, and to predict patient responsiveness to immunotherapy. Consequently, EVs have been implicated in tumor immune evasion, and multiple studies reported immune-regulatory activities of melanoma EVs in vitro and in vivo. This review highlights mechanistic insights in EV-mediated regulation of various immune cell types, including effects on inflammatory, apoptotic, stress-sensing and immune checkpoint pathways as well as antigen-dependent responses. Additionally, current challenges in the field are discussed that need to be overcome to determine the clinical relevance of these various mechanisms and to develop corresponding therapeutic approaches to promote tumor immunity and immunotherapy responsiveness in melanoma patients in the future. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9445580 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94455802022-09-07 Mechanisms of extracellular vesicle-mediated immune evasion in melanoma Dieterich, Lothar C. Front Immunol Immunology Melanoma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been found to promote tumor growth and progression, and to predict patient responsiveness to immunotherapy. Consequently, EVs have been implicated in tumor immune evasion, and multiple studies reported immune-regulatory activities of melanoma EVs in vitro and in vivo. This review highlights mechanistic insights in EV-mediated regulation of various immune cell types, including effects on inflammatory, apoptotic, stress-sensing and immune checkpoint pathways as well as antigen-dependent responses. Additionally, current challenges in the field are discussed that need to be overcome to determine the clinical relevance of these various mechanisms and to develop corresponding therapeutic approaches to promote tumor immunity and immunotherapy responsiveness in melanoma patients in the future. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-08-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9445580/ /pubmed/36081494 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1002551 Text en Copyright © 2022 Dieterich https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Dieterich, Lothar C. Mechanisms of extracellular vesicle-mediated immune evasion in melanoma |
title | Mechanisms of extracellular vesicle-mediated immune evasion in melanoma |
title_full | Mechanisms of extracellular vesicle-mediated immune evasion in melanoma |
title_fullStr | Mechanisms of extracellular vesicle-mediated immune evasion in melanoma |
title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms of extracellular vesicle-mediated immune evasion in melanoma |
title_short | Mechanisms of extracellular vesicle-mediated immune evasion in melanoma |
title_sort | mechanisms of extracellular vesicle-mediated immune evasion in melanoma |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9445580/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36081494 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1002551 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT dieterichlotharc mechanismsofextracellularvesiclemediatedimmuneevasioninmelanoma |