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Vascular risk factors and staging of atherosclerosis in patients and controls: The Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study
OBJECTIVES: We studied the prevalence of vascular risk factors (RFs) among 385 ischaemic stroke patients ⩽60 years and 260 controls, and their association with atherosclerosis in seven vascular areas. METHODS: History of cardiovascular events (CVE), hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidaemi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
SAGE Publications
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9446327/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36082261 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969873221098582 |
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author | Nawaz, Beenish Fromm, Annette Øygarden, Halvor Eide, Geir Egil Saeed, Sahrai Meijer, Rudy Bots, Michiel L Sand, Kristin Modalsli Thomassen, Lars Næss, Halvor Waje-Andreassen, Ulrike |
author_facet | Nawaz, Beenish Fromm, Annette Øygarden, Halvor Eide, Geir Egil Saeed, Sahrai Meijer, Rudy Bots, Michiel L Sand, Kristin Modalsli Thomassen, Lars Næss, Halvor Waje-Andreassen, Ulrike |
author_sort | Nawaz, Beenish |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVES: We studied the prevalence of vascular risk factors (RFs) among 385 ischaemic stroke patients ⩽60 years and 260 controls, and their association with atherosclerosis in seven vascular areas. METHODS: History of cardiovascular events (CVE), hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidaemia, pack-years of smoking (PYS), alcohol, and physical inactivity were noted. Blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), lipid profile, epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), visceral abdominal adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue were measured. Numeric staging of atherosclerosis was done by standardized examination of seven vascular areas by right and left carotid and femoral intima-media thickness, electrocardiogram, abdominal aorta plaques, and the ankle-arm index. All results were age and sex-adjusted. Poisson regression analysis was applied. RESULTS: At age ⩽49 years at least one RF was present in 95.6% patients versus 90.0% controls. Compared to controls, male patients and middle-aged female patients showed no significant differences. Young female patients compared to young female controls had a higher burden of RFs (94.3% vs 88.6%, p = 0.049). Poisson regression analysis combined for patients and controls, adjusted for age and sex, showed numeric staging of atherosclerosis associated with age, prior CVE, hypertension, DM, dyslipidaemia, PYS, alcohol, BMI, WHR, EAT, VAT, and an increased number of risk factors. Adjusted for all risk factors, numeric staging of atherosclerosis was associated with increasing age, hypertension, DM, PYS, and BMI. CONCLUSION: Vascular risk factors are highly prevalent in young- and middle-aged patients and controls, and are predictors of established atherosclerosis at study inclusion. Focus on main modifiable vascular RFs in primary prevention, and early and aggressive secondary treatment of patients are necessary to reduce further progression of atherosclerosis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9446327 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | SAGE Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94463272022-09-07 Vascular risk factors and staging of atherosclerosis in patients and controls: The Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study Nawaz, Beenish Fromm, Annette Øygarden, Halvor Eide, Geir Egil Saeed, Sahrai Meijer, Rudy Bots, Michiel L Sand, Kristin Modalsli Thomassen, Lars Næss, Halvor Waje-Andreassen, Ulrike Eur Stroke J Original Research Articles OBJECTIVES: We studied the prevalence of vascular risk factors (RFs) among 385 ischaemic stroke patients ⩽60 years and 260 controls, and their association with atherosclerosis in seven vascular areas. METHODS: History of cardiovascular events (CVE), hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidaemia, pack-years of smoking (PYS), alcohol, and physical inactivity were noted. Blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), lipid profile, epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), visceral abdominal adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue were measured. Numeric staging of atherosclerosis was done by standardized examination of seven vascular areas by right and left carotid and femoral intima-media thickness, electrocardiogram, abdominal aorta plaques, and the ankle-arm index. All results were age and sex-adjusted. Poisson regression analysis was applied. RESULTS: At age ⩽49 years at least one RF was present in 95.6% patients versus 90.0% controls. Compared to controls, male patients and middle-aged female patients showed no significant differences. Young female patients compared to young female controls had a higher burden of RFs (94.3% vs 88.6%, p = 0.049). Poisson regression analysis combined for patients and controls, adjusted for age and sex, showed numeric staging of atherosclerosis associated with age, prior CVE, hypertension, DM, dyslipidaemia, PYS, alcohol, BMI, WHR, EAT, VAT, and an increased number of risk factors. Adjusted for all risk factors, numeric staging of atherosclerosis was associated with increasing age, hypertension, DM, PYS, and BMI. CONCLUSION: Vascular risk factors are highly prevalent in young- and middle-aged patients and controls, and are predictors of established atherosclerosis at study inclusion. Focus on main modifiable vascular RFs in primary prevention, and early and aggressive secondary treatment of patients are necessary to reduce further progression of atherosclerosis. SAGE Publications 2022-05-10 2022-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9446327/ /pubmed/36082261 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969873221098582 Text en © European Stroke Organisation 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
spellingShingle | Original Research Articles Nawaz, Beenish Fromm, Annette Øygarden, Halvor Eide, Geir Egil Saeed, Sahrai Meijer, Rudy Bots, Michiel L Sand, Kristin Modalsli Thomassen, Lars Næss, Halvor Waje-Andreassen, Ulrike Vascular risk factors and staging of atherosclerosis in patients and controls: The Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study |
title | Vascular risk factors and staging of atherosclerosis in patients and
controls: The Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study |
title_full | Vascular risk factors and staging of atherosclerosis in patients and
controls: The Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study |
title_fullStr | Vascular risk factors and staging of atherosclerosis in patients and
controls: The Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Vascular risk factors and staging of atherosclerosis in patients and
controls: The Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study |
title_short | Vascular risk factors and staging of atherosclerosis in patients and
controls: The Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study |
title_sort | vascular risk factors and staging of atherosclerosis in patients and
controls: the norwegian stroke in the young study |
topic | Original Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9446327/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36082261 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969873221098582 |
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