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Vascular risk factors and staging of atherosclerosis in patients and controls: The Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study

OBJECTIVES: We studied the prevalence of vascular risk factors (RFs) among 385 ischaemic stroke patients ⩽60 years and 260 controls, and their association with atherosclerosis in seven vascular areas. METHODS: History of cardiovascular events (CVE), hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidaemi...

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Autores principales: Nawaz, Beenish, Fromm, Annette, Øygarden, Halvor, Eide, Geir Egil, Saeed, Sahrai, Meijer, Rudy, Bots, Michiel L, Sand, Kristin Modalsli, Thomassen, Lars, Næss, Halvor, Waje-Andreassen, Ulrike
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2022
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9446327/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36082261
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969873221098582
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author Nawaz, Beenish
Fromm, Annette
Øygarden, Halvor
Eide, Geir Egil
Saeed, Sahrai
Meijer, Rudy
Bots, Michiel L
Sand, Kristin Modalsli
Thomassen, Lars
Næss, Halvor
Waje-Andreassen, Ulrike
author_facet Nawaz, Beenish
Fromm, Annette
Øygarden, Halvor
Eide, Geir Egil
Saeed, Sahrai
Meijer, Rudy
Bots, Michiel L
Sand, Kristin Modalsli
Thomassen, Lars
Næss, Halvor
Waje-Andreassen, Ulrike
author_sort Nawaz, Beenish
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: We studied the prevalence of vascular risk factors (RFs) among 385 ischaemic stroke patients ⩽60 years and 260 controls, and their association with atherosclerosis in seven vascular areas. METHODS: History of cardiovascular events (CVE), hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidaemia, pack-years of smoking (PYS), alcohol, and physical inactivity were noted. Blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), lipid profile, epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), visceral abdominal adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue were measured. Numeric staging of atherosclerosis was done by standardized examination of seven vascular areas by right and left carotid and femoral intima-media thickness, electrocardiogram, abdominal aorta plaques, and the ankle-arm index. All results were age and sex-adjusted. Poisson regression analysis was applied. RESULTS: At age ⩽49 years at least one RF was present in 95.6% patients versus 90.0% controls. Compared to controls, male patients and middle-aged female patients showed no significant differences. Young female patients compared to young female controls had a higher burden of RFs (94.3% vs 88.6%, p = 0.049). Poisson regression analysis combined for patients and controls, adjusted for age and sex, showed numeric staging of atherosclerosis associated with age, prior CVE, hypertension, DM, dyslipidaemia, PYS, alcohol, BMI, WHR, EAT, VAT, and an increased number of risk factors. Adjusted for all risk factors, numeric staging of atherosclerosis was associated with increasing age, hypertension, DM, PYS, and BMI. CONCLUSION: Vascular risk factors are highly prevalent in young- and middle-aged patients and controls, and are predictors of established atherosclerosis at study inclusion. Focus on main modifiable vascular RFs in primary prevention, and early and aggressive secondary treatment of patients are necessary to reduce further progression of atherosclerosis.
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spelling pubmed-94463272022-09-07 Vascular risk factors and staging of atherosclerosis in patients and controls: The Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study Nawaz, Beenish Fromm, Annette Øygarden, Halvor Eide, Geir Egil Saeed, Sahrai Meijer, Rudy Bots, Michiel L Sand, Kristin Modalsli Thomassen, Lars Næss, Halvor Waje-Andreassen, Ulrike Eur Stroke J Original Research Articles OBJECTIVES: We studied the prevalence of vascular risk factors (RFs) among 385 ischaemic stroke patients ⩽60 years and 260 controls, and their association with atherosclerosis in seven vascular areas. METHODS: History of cardiovascular events (CVE), hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidaemia, pack-years of smoking (PYS), alcohol, and physical inactivity were noted. Blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), lipid profile, epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), visceral abdominal adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue were measured. Numeric staging of atherosclerosis was done by standardized examination of seven vascular areas by right and left carotid and femoral intima-media thickness, electrocardiogram, abdominal aorta plaques, and the ankle-arm index. All results were age and sex-adjusted. Poisson regression analysis was applied. RESULTS: At age ⩽49 years at least one RF was present in 95.6% patients versus 90.0% controls. Compared to controls, male patients and middle-aged female patients showed no significant differences. Young female patients compared to young female controls had a higher burden of RFs (94.3% vs 88.6%, p = 0.049). Poisson regression analysis combined for patients and controls, adjusted for age and sex, showed numeric staging of atherosclerosis associated with age, prior CVE, hypertension, DM, dyslipidaemia, PYS, alcohol, BMI, WHR, EAT, VAT, and an increased number of risk factors. Adjusted for all risk factors, numeric staging of atherosclerosis was associated with increasing age, hypertension, DM, PYS, and BMI. CONCLUSION: Vascular risk factors are highly prevalent in young- and middle-aged patients and controls, and are predictors of established atherosclerosis at study inclusion. Focus on main modifiable vascular RFs in primary prevention, and early and aggressive secondary treatment of patients are necessary to reduce further progression of atherosclerosis. SAGE Publications 2022-05-10 2022-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9446327/ /pubmed/36082261 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969873221098582 Text en © European Stroke Organisation 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Original Research Articles
Nawaz, Beenish
Fromm, Annette
Øygarden, Halvor
Eide, Geir Egil
Saeed, Sahrai
Meijer, Rudy
Bots, Michiel L
Sand, Kristin Modalsli
Thomassen, Lars
Næss, Halvor
Waje-Andreassen, Ulrike
Vascular risk factors and staging of atherosclerosis in patients and controls: The Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study
title Vascular risk factors and staging of atherosclerosis in patients and controls: The Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study
title_full Vascular risk factors and staging of atherosclerosis in patients and controls: The Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study
title_fullStr Vascular risk factors and staging of atherosclerosis in patients and controls: The Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study
title_full_unstemmed Vascular risk factors and staging of atherosclerosis in patients and controls: The Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study
title_short Vascular risk factors and staging of atherosclerosis in patients and controls: The Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study
title_sort vascular risk factors and staging of atherosclerosis in patients and controls: the norwegian stroke in the young study
topic Original Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9446327/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36082261
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969873221098582
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