Cargando…
Effects of Temperature, Operation Mode, and Steam Concentration on Alkali Release in Chemical Looping Conversion of Biomass—Experimental Investigation in a 10 kW(th) Pilot
[Image: see text] Alkali release was studied in a 10 kW(th) chemical looping pilot operated with a Linz–Donawitz (LD) slag oxygen carrier (OC) and three biomass fuels. Experiments were performed at three temperatures and in three operation modes: chemical looping combustion (CLC), chemical looping g...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Chemical Society
2022
|
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9446432/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36091479 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c04353 |
_version_ | 1784783640695144448 |
---|---|
author | Gogolev, Ivan Soleimanisalim, Amir H. Mei, Daofeng Lyngfelt, Anders |
author_facet | Gogolev, Ivan Soleimanisalim, Amir H. Mei, Daofeng Lyngfelt, Anders |
author_sort | Gogolev, Ivan |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] Alkali release was studied in a 10 kW(th) chemical looping pilot operated with a Linz–Donawitz (LD) slag oxygen carrier (OC) and three biomass fuels. Experiments were performed at three temperatures and in three operation modes: chemical looping combustion (CLC), chemical looping gasification (CLG), and oxygen-carrier-aided combustion (OCAC). Gas-phase alkali release was measured with a surface ionization detector (SID). Fuel reactor (FR) gas-phase alkali emissions increased with the temperature. This occurred as a result of increased evaporation of KCl and enhanced decomposition of alkali salts during char conversion. Air reactor (AR) alkali emissions were lower than in the FR and independent of the operating temperature. In comparison of operating modes, CLC and CLG modes resulted in similar gas-phase alkali emissions due to the similar extent of char conversion. In contrast, operation of the reactor system in OCAC mode resulted in significantly lower levels of gas-phase alkalis. The difference in alkali emission was attributed to the steam-rich atmosphere of CLC. The effect of steam was further investigated in CLC and OCAC tests. Lowering steam concentrations in CLC operation resulted in lower gas-phase alkali emissions, while introducing steam to the FR during OCAC operation resulted in higher alkali emissions. It was concluded that steam likely enhances gas-phase K release through a reaction of K(2)CO(3) within the fuel char with steam to produce KOH(g). Solid sampling and analysis for K content was used along with SID measurements to develop a K mass balance for the reactor system. Mass balance results for the straw pellet fuel tests showed that LD slag OC absorbs approximately 15–51% of fuel K, 2.2% of fuel K is released to the gas phase, and up to 3.4% of fuel K is captured in the AR fly ash. The residual 40–80% of fuel K was determined to leave the FR as K-rich fly ash. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9446432 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | American Chemical Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94464322022-09-07 Effects of Temperature, Operation Mode, and Steam Concentration on Alkali Release in Chemical Looping Conversion of Biomass—Experimental Investigation in a 10 kW(th) Pilot Gogolev, Ivan Soleimanisalim, Amir H. Mei, Daofeng Lyngfelt, Anders Energy Fuels [Image: see text] Alkali release was studied in a 10 kW(th) chemical looping pilot operated with a Linz–Donawitz (LD) slag oxygen carrier (OC) and three biomass fuels. Experiments were performed at three temperatures and in three operation modes: chemical looping combustion (CLC), chemical looping gasification (CLG), and oxygen-carrier-aided combustion (OCAC). Gas-phase alkali release was measured with a surface ionization detector (SID). Fuel reactor (FR) gas-phase alkali emissions increased with the temperature. This occurred as a result of increased evaporation of KCl and enhanced decomposition of alkali salts during char conversion. Air reactor (AR) alkali emissions were lower than in the FR and independent of the operating temperature. In comparison of operating modes, CLC and CLG modes resulted in similar gas-phase alkali emissions due to the similar extent of char conversion. In contrast, operation of the reactor system in OCAC mode resulted in significantly lower levels of gas-phase alkalis. The difference in alkali emission was attributed to the steam-rich atmosphere of CLC. The effect of steam was further investigated in CLC and OCAC tests. Lowering steam concentrations in CLC operation resulted in lower gas-phase alkali emissions, while introducing steam to the FR during OCAC operation resulted in higher alkali emissions. It was concluded that steam likely enhances gas-phase K release through a reaction of K(2)CO(3) within the fuel char with steam to produce KOH(g). Solid sampling and analysis for K content was used along with SID measurements to develop a K mass balance for the reactor system. Mass balance results for the straw pellet fuel tests showed that LD slag OC absorbs approximately 15–51% of fuel K, 2.2% of fuel K is released to the gas phase, and up to 3.4% of fuel K is captured in the AR fly ash. The residual 40–80% of fuel K was determined to leave the FR as K-rich fly ash. American Chemical Society 2022-03-09 2022-09-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9446432/ /pubmed/36091479 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c04353 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Permits the broadest form of re-use including for commercial purposes, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Gogolev, Ivan Soleimanisalim, Amir H. Mei, Daofeng Lyngfelt, Anders Effects of Temperature, Operation Mode, and Steam Concentration on Alkali Release in Chemical Looping Conversion of Biomass—Experimental Investigation in a 10 kW(th) Pilot |
title | Effects of Temperature, Operation Mode, and Steam
Concentration on Alkali Release in Chemical Looping Conversion of
Biomass—Experimental Investigation in a 10 kW(th) Pilot |
title_full | Effects of Temperature, Operation Mode, and Steam
Concentration on Alkali Release in Chemical Looping Conversion of
Biomass—Experimental Investigation in a 10 kW(th) Pilot |
title_fullStr | Effects of Temperature, Operation Mode, and Steam
Concentration on Alkali Release in Chemical Looping Conversion of
Biomass—Experimental Investigation in a 10 kW(th) Pilot |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Temperature, Operation Mode, and Steam
Concentration on Alkali Release in Chemical Looping Conversion of
Biomass—Experimental Investigation in a 10 kW(th) Pilot |
title_short | Effects of Temperature, Operation Mode, and Steam
Concentration on Alkali Release in Chemical Looping Conversion of
Biomass—Experimental Investigation in a 10 kW(th) Pilot |
title_sort | effects of temperature, operation mode, and steam
concentration on alkali release in chemical looping conversion of
biomass—experimental investigation in a 10 kw(th) pilot |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9446432/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36091479 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c04353 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT gogolevivan effectsoftemperatureoperationmodeandsteamconcentrationonalkalireleaseinchemicalloopingconversionofbiomassexperimentalinvestigationina10kwthpilot AT soleimanisalimamirh effectsoftemperatureoperationmodeandsteamconcentrationonalkalireleaseinchemicalloopingconversionofbiomassexperimentalinvestigationina10kwthpilot AT meidaofeng effectsoftemperatureoperationmodeandsteamconcentrationonalkalireleaseinchemicalloopingconversionofbiomassexperimentalinvestigationina10kwthpilot AT lyngfeltanders effectsoftemperatureoperationmodeandsteamconcentrationonalkalireleaseinchemicalloopingconversionofbiomassexperimentalinvestigationina10kwthpilot |