The Relationship between Experiences Level and Clinical Decision-Making Skill in Midwifery Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Development and assessment of clinical decision-making skills are essential in midwifery education because of their role in mothers' and infants' safety. Therefore, the present study's primary objective was to evaluate the relationship between experience levels and clinical decision-making skills using the key features (KFs) examination. Methods: One hundred and two midwifery students in five different education levels participated in this cross-sectional study through convenient sampling. Twenty KFs questions were designed based on the principles of the KFs examination. The participants' information, including grade point average (GPA), theoretical and practical scores of the obstetrics course, were collected. KFs scores were compared according to students' training semester by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Pearson correlation was conducted to explore the correlation between KFs scores and GPA as well as theoretical and practical scores. All statistical analyses were performed at a significance level of 0.05 (p≤0.05). We used five kinds of effect size calculators, which include mean difference (MD), standardized mean difference (cohend), partial Eta-squared, Cohenf, and partial omega-squared. Results: There was no correlation between KFs scores and the grade point average, theoretical exam scores, and practical exam scores. KFs scores linearly rose as the learners' level increased with a mean± SD score of 7.61±1.09 during the third semester compared to 11.55 ± 1.89 during the eighth semester (p=0.001). The effect size of this result was large (partial omega square=0.35, partial eta square=0.38 & cohen’s f=0.73). The largest SMD was related to the comparison of KFs scores between the eighth and third semester (MD=3.58, SMD=2.554 [CI 95%: 1.719-3.389], p-value═ 0.001), and the lowest was related to the comparison between the third and fourth semesters (MD=0.354, SMD= 0.2 [CI 95%: -0.421-0.821], p=0.987). Conclusion: Establishing proficiency in clinical decision-making skills is a linear process greatly enhanced by experience, clearly shown by the present study results. Using KFs examination and obtaining extensive evidence to its benefit can allow us to renegotiate proficiency evaluation methods for students in clinical fields. the education curriculum should focus more on identifying clinical KFs skills than merely teaching knowledge about disease processes.