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Gαi protein subunit: A step toward understanding its non-canonical mechanisms

The heterotrimeric G protein family plays essential roles during a varied array of cellular events; thus, its deregulation can seriously alter signaling events and the overall state of the cell. Heterotrimeric G-proteins have three subunits (α, β, γ) and are subdivided into four families, Gαi, Gα12/...

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Autores principales: Villaseca, Soraya, Romero, Gabriel, Ruiz, María J., Pérez, Carlos, Leal, Juan I., Tovar, Lina M., Torrejón, Marcela
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9449497/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36092739
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.941870
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author Villaseca, Soraya
Romero, Gabriel
Ruiz, María J.
Pérez, Carlos
Leal, Juan I.
Tovar, Lina M.
Torrejón, Marcela
author_facet Villaseca, Soraya
Romero, Gabriel
Ruiz, María J.
Pérez, Carlos
Leal, Juan I.
Tovar, Lina M.
Torrejón, Marcela
author_sort Villaseca, Soraya
collection PubMed
description The heterotrimeric G protein family plays essential roles during a varied array of cellular events; thus, its deregulation can seriously alter signaling events and the overall state of the cell. Heterotrimeric G-proteins have three subunits (α, β, γ) and are subdivided into four families, Gαi, Gα12/13, Gαq, and Gαs. These proteins cycle between an inactive Gα-GDP state and active Gα-GTP state, triggered canonically by the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and by other accessory proteins receptors independent also known as AGS (Activators of G-protein Signaling). In this review, we summarize research data specific for the Gαi family. This family has the largest number of individual members, including Gαi1, Gαi2, Gαi3, Gαo, Gαt, Gαg, and Gαz, and constitutes the majority of G proteins α subunits expressed in a tissue or cell. Gαi was initially described by its inhibitory function on adenylyl cyclase activity, decreasing cAMP levels. Interestingly, today Gi family G-protein have been reported to be importantly involved in the immune system function. Here, we discuss the impact of Gαi on non-canonical effector proteins, such as c-Src, ERK1/2, phospholipase-C (PLC), and proteins from the Rho GTPase family members, all of them essential signaling pathways regulating a wide range of physiological processes.
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spelling pubmed-94494972022-09-08 Gαi protein subunit: A step toward understanding its non-canonical mechanisms Villaseca, Soraya Romero, Gabriel Ruiz, María J. Pérez, Carlos Leal, Juan I. Tovar, Lina M. Torrejón, Marcela Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology The heterotrimeric G protein family plays essential roles during a varied array of cellular events; thus, its deregulation can seriously alter signaling events and the overall state of the cell. Heterotrimeric G-proteins have three subunits (α, β, γ) and are subdivided into four families, Gαi, Gα12/13, Gαq, and Gαs. These proteins cycle between an inactive Gα-GDP state and active Gα-GTP state, triggered canonically by the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and by other accessory proteins receptors independent also known as AGS (Activators of G-protein Signaling). In this review, we summarize research data specific for the Gαi family. This family has the largest number of individual members, including Gαi1, Gαi2, Gαi3, Gαo, Gαt, Gαg, and Gαz, and constitutes the majority of G proteins α subunits expressed in a tissue or cell. Gαi was initially described by its inhibitory function on adenylyl cyclase activity, decreasing cAMP levels. Interestingly, today Gi family G-protein have been reported to be importantly involved in the immune system function. Here, we discuss the impact of Gαi on non-canonical effector proteins, such as c-Src, ERK1/2, phospholipase-C (PLC), and proteins from the Rho GTPase family members, all of them essential signaling pathways regulating a wide range of physiological processes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-08-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9449497/ /pubmed/36092739 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.941870 Text en Copyright © 2022 Villaseca, Romero, Ruiz, Pérez, Leal, Tovar and Torrejón. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Villaseca, Soraya
Romero, Gabriel
Ruiz, María J.
Pérez, Carlos
Leal, Juan I.
Tovar, Lina M.
Torrejón, Marcela
Gαi protein subunit: A step toward understanding its non-canonical mechanisms
title Gαi protein subunit: A step toward understanding its non-canonical mechanisms
title_full Gαi protein subunit: A step toward understanding its non-canonical mechanisms
title_fullStr Gαi protein subunit: A step toward understanding its non-canonical mechanisms
title_full_unstemmed Gαi protein subunit: A step toward understanding its non-canonical mechanisms
title_short Gαi protein subunit: A step toward understanding its non-canonical mechanisms
title_sort gαi protein subunit: a step toward understanding its non-canonical mechanisms
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9449497/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36092739
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.941870
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