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Gαi protein subunit: A step toward understanding its non-canonical mechanisms
The heterotrimeric G protein family plays essential roles during a varied array of cellular events; thus, its deregulation can seriously alter signaling events and the overall state of the cell. Heterotrimeric G-proteins have three subunits (α, β, γ) and are subdivided into four families, Gαi, Gα12/...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9449497/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36092739 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.941870 |
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author | Villaseca, Soraya Romero, Gabriel Ruiz, María J. Pérez, Carlos Leal, Juan I. Tovar, Lina M. Torrejón, Marcela |
author_facet | Villaseca, Soraya Romero, Gabriel Ruiz, María J. Pérez, Carlos Leal, Juan I. Tovar, Lina M. Torrejón, Marcela |
author_sort | Villaseca, Soraya |
collection | PubMed |
description | The heterotrimeric G protein family plays essential roles during a varied array of cellular events; thus, its deregulation can seriously alter signaling events and the overall state of the cell. Heterotrimeric G-proteins have three subunits (α, β, γ) and are subdivided into four families, Gαi, Gα12/13, Gαq, and Gαs. These proteins cycle between an inactive Gα-GDP state and active Gα-GTP state, triggered canonically by the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and by other accessory proteins receptors independent also known as AGS (Activators of G-protein Signaling). In this review, we summarize research data specific for the Gαi family. This family has the largest number of individual members, including Gαi1, Gαi2, Gαi3, Gαo, Gαt, Gαg, and Gαz, and constitutes the majority of G proteins α subunits expressed in a tissue or cell. Gαi was initially described by its inhibitory function on adenylyl cyclase activity, decreasing cAMP levels. Interestingly, today Gi family G-protein have been reported to be importantly involved in the immune system function. Here, we discuss the impact of Gαi on non-canonical effector proteins, such as c-Src, ERK1/2, phospholipase-C (PLC), and proteins from the Rho GTPase family members, all of them essential signaling pathways regulating a wide range of physiological processes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9449497 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94494972022-09-08 Gαi protein subunit: A step toward understanding its non-canonical mechanisms Villaseca, Soraya Romero, Gabriel Ruiz, María J. Pérez, Carlos Leal, Juan I. Tovar, Lina M. Torrejón, Marcela Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology The heterotrimeric G protein family plays essential roles during a varied array of cellular events; thus, its deregulation can seriously alter signaling events and the overall state of the cell. Heterotrimeric G-proteins have three subunits (α, β, γ) and are subdivided into four families, Gαi, Gα12/13, Gαq, and Gαs. These proteins cycle between an inactive Gα-GDP state and active Gα-GTP state, triggered canonically by the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and by other accessory proteins receptors independent also known as AGS (Activators of G-protein Signaling). In this review, we summarize research data specific for the Gαi family. This family has the largest number of individual members, including Gαi1, Gαi2, Gαi3, Gαo, Gαt, Gαg, and Gαz, and constitutes the majority of G proteins α subunits expressed in a tissue or cell. Gαi was initially described by its inhibitory function on adenylyl cyclase activity, decreasing cAMP levels. Interestingly, today Gi family G-protein have been reported to be importantly involved in the immune system function. Here, we discuss the impact of Gαi on non-canonical effector proteins, such as c-Src, ERK1/2, phospholipase-C (PLC), and proteins from the Rho GTPase family members, all of them essential signaling pathways regulating a wide range of physiological processes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-08-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9449497/ /pubmed/36092739 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.941870 Text en Copyright © 2022 Villaseca, Romero, Ruiz, Pérez, Leal, Tovar and Torrejón. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cell and Developmental Biology Villaseca, Soraya Romero, Gabriel Ruiz, María J. Pérez, Carlos Leal, Juan I. Tovar, Lina M. Torrejón, Marcela Gαi protein subunit: A step toward understanding its non-canonical mechanisms |
title | Gαi protein subunit: A step toward understanding its non-canonical mechanisms |
title_full | Gαi protein subunit: A step toward understanding its non-canonical mechanisms |
title_fullStr | Gαi protein subunit: A step toward understanding its non-canonical mechanisms |
title_full_unstemmed | Gαi protein subunit: A step toward understanding its non-canonical mechanisms |
title_short | Gαi protein subunit: A step toward understanding its non-canonical mechanisms |
title_sort | gαi protein subunit: a step toward understanding its non-canonical mechanisms |
topic | Cell and Developmental Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9449497/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36092739 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.941870 |
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