Independently paced Ca(2+) oscillations in progenitor and differentiated cells in an ex vivo epithelial organ

Cytosolic Ca(2+) is a highly dynamic, tightly regulated and broadly conserved cellular signal. Ca(2+) dynamics have been studied widely in cellular monocultures, yet organs in vivo comprise heterogeneous populations of stem and differentiated cells. Here, we examine Ca(2+) dynamics in the adult Drosophila intestine, a self-renewing epithelial organ in which stem cells continuously produce daughters that differentiate into either enteroendocrine cells or enterocytes. Live imaging of whole organs ex vivo reveals that stem-cell daughters adopt strikingly distinct patterns of Ca(2+) oscillations after differentiation: enteroendocrine cells exhibit single-cell Ca(2+) oscillations, whereas enterocytes exhibit rhythmic, long-range Ca(2+) waves. These multicellular waves do not propagate through immature progenitors (stem cells and enteroblasts), of which the oscillation frequency is approximately half that of enteroendocrine cells. Organ-scale inhibition of gap junctions eliminates Ca(2+) oscillations in all cell types – even, intriguingly, in progenitor and enteroendocrine cells that are surrounded only by enterocytes. Our findings establish that cells adopt fate-specific modes of Ca(2+) dynamics as they terminally differentiate and reveal that the oscillatory dynamics of different cell types in a single, coherent epithelium are paced independently.