Analysis of Causes and Results of Fetal Growth in Utero Caused by Genetic Factors Detected by Ultrasound

In order to investigate the value of the ultrasonic monitoring of maternal and fetal vascular parameters, serum vitamin D, and placental growth factor (PLGF) in predicting fetal growth restriction (FGR), a method of ultrasonic detection of genetic factors causing fetal growth in utero was proposed. 125 pregnant women with FGR diagnosed in our hospital from June 2018 to June 2021 (the FGR group) and 125 pregnant women with a normal prenatal examination (the control group) were collected retrospectively. The systolic/diastolic blood flow ratio (S/D), pulsatile index (PI), and resistance index (RI) of the fetal umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and maternal uterine artery (UtA) were monitored by ultrasound at 20 to 24 weeks of gestation, and the levels of serum vitamin D and PLGF were detected. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to evaluate the predictive value of FGR. The results showed that the S/D, PI, and RI of UA in the FGR group were higher than those in the control group, the areas under the curve (AUC) were 0.866, 0.817, and 0.849, and the sensitivity and specificity were (72.8%, 91.2%), (50.4%, 100%), and (72.8%, 91.2%), respectively. The S/D, PI, and RI of MCA were lower than those of the control group. The AUC was 0.882, 0.869, and 0.834, respectively; the sensitivity and specificity were (92.0%, 74.4%), (88.8%, 81.6%), and (90.4%, 72%), respectively. The S/D, PI, and RI of UtA were higher than those of the control group; the AUC was 0.768, 0.729, and 0.732; the sensitivity and specificity were (91.2%, 52%), (48%, 90.4%), and (48.8%, 90.4%), respectively. The serum levels of vitamin D and PLGF were lower than those of the control group (AUC 0.784 and 0.807), and the sensitivity and specificity were (54.4%, 91.2%) and (99.2%, 52%), respectively. It was concluded that the ultrasound monitoring of UA, MCA, and UtA in pregnant women in the middle of pregnancy and detection of serum vitamin D and PLGF levels had a certain predictive value for FGR. Moreover, the comprehensive evaluation could reduce the occurrence of FGR in high-risk pregnant women.