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Molecular Mechanism and Regulation of Autophagy and Its Potential Role in Epilepsy
Autophagy is an evolutionally conserved degradation mechanism for maintaining cell homeostasis whereby cytoplasmic components are wrapped in autophagosomes and subsequently delivered to lysosomes for degradation. This process requires the concerted actions of multiple autophagy-related proteins and...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9455075/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36078029 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11172621 |
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author | Zhu, Hanxiao Wang, Wei Li, Yun |
author_facet | Zhu, Hanxiao Wang, Wei Li, Yun |
author_sort | Zhu, Hanxiao |
collection | PubMed |
description | Autophagy is an evolutionally conserved degradation mechanism for maintaining cell homeostasis whereby cytoplasmic components are wrapped in autophagosomes and subsequently delivered to lysosomes for degradation. This process requires the concerted actions of multiple autophagy-related proteins and accessory regulators. In neurons, autophagy is dynamically regulated in different compartments including soma, axons, and dendrites. It determines the turnover of selected materials in a spatiotemporal control manner, which facilitates the formation of specialized neuronal functions. It is not surprising, therefore, that dysfunctional autophagy occurs in epilepsy, mainly caused by an imbalance between excitation and inhibition in the brain. In recent years, much attention has been focused on how autophagy may cause the development of epilepsy. In this article, we overview the historical landmarks and distinct types of autophagy, recent progress in the core machinery and regulation of autophagy, and biological roles of autophagy in homeostatic maintenance of neuronal structures and functions, with a particular focus on synaptic plasticity. We also discuss the relevance of autophagy mechanisms to the pathophysiology of epileptogenesis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9455075 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94550752022-09-09 Molecular Mechanism and Regulation of Autophagy and Its Potential Role in Epilepsy Zhu, Hanxiao Wang, Wei Li, Yun Cells Review Autophagy is an evolutionally conserved degradation mechanism for maintaining cell homeostasis whereby cytoplasmic components are wrapped in autophagosomes and subsequently delivered to lysosomes for degradation. This process requires the concerted actions of multiple autophagy-related proteins and accessory regulators. In neurons, autophagy is dynamically regulated in different compartments including soma, axons, and dendrites. It determines the turnover of selected materials in a spatiotemporal control manner, which facilitates the formation of specialized neuronal functions. It is not surprising, therefore, that dysfunctional autophagy occurs in epilepsy, mainly caused by an imbalance between excitation and inhibition in the brain. In recent years, much attention has been focused on how autophagy may cause the development of epilepsy. In this article, we overview the historical landmarks and distinct types of autophagy, recent progress in the core machinery and regulation of autophagy, and biological roles of autophagy in homeostatic maintenance of neuronal structures and functions, with a particular focus on synaptic plasticity. We also discuss the relevance of autophagy mechanisms to the pathophysiology of epileptogenesis. MDPI 2022-08-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9455075/ /pubmed/36078029 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11172621 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Zhu, Hanxiao Wang, Wei Li, Yun Molecular Mechanism and Regulation of Autophagy and Its Potential Role in Epilepsy |
title | Molecular Mechanism and Regulation of Autophagy and Its Potential Role in Epilepsy |
title_full | Molecular Mechanism and Regulation of Autophagy and Its Potential Role in Epilepsy |
title_fullStr | Molecular Mechanism and Regulation of Autophagy and Its Potential Role in Epilepsy |
title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Mechanism and Regulation of Autophagy and Its Potential Role in Epilepsy |
title_short | Molecular Mechanism and Regulation of Autophagy and Its Potential Role in Epilepsy |
title_sort | molecular mechanism and regulation of autophagy and its potential role in epilepsy |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9455075/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36078029 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11172621 |
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