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Study of the Ghrelin/LEAP-2 Ratio in Humans and Rats during Different Phases of Pregnancy
The Liver-Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide 2 (LEAP-2) has emerged as an endogenous GHS-R antagonist and blunts the orexigenic action of ghrelin. This study aimed to determine the Ghrelin/LEAP-2 ratio in humans and rats during pregnancy. In humans, we conducted a nested case-control study within an ob...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9455743/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36076912 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179514 |
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author | Garcés, Maria Fernanda Buell-Acosta, Julieth Daniela Ángel-Müller, Edith Parada-Baños, Arturo José Acosta-Alvarez, Jaidy Saavedra-López, Harold Felipe Franco-Vega, Roberto Maldonado-Acosta, Luis Miguel Escobar-Cordoba, Franklin Vásquez-Romero, Keydy Lacunza, Ezequiel Caminos-Cepeda, Sofía Alexandra Nogueiras, Rubén Diéguez, Carlos Ruiz-Parra, Ariel Iván Caminos, Jorge Eduardo |
author_facet | Garcés, Maria Fernanda Buell-Acosta, Julieth Daniela Ángel-Müller, Edith Parada-Baños, Arturo José Acosta-Alvarez, Jaidy Saavedra-López, Harold Felipe Franco-Vega, Roberto Maldonado-Acosta, Luis Miguel Escobar-Cordoba, Franklin Vásquez-Romero, Keydy Lacunza, Ezequiel Caminos-Cepeda, Sofía Alexandra Nogueiras, Rubén Diéguez, Carlos Ruiz-Parra, Ariel Iván Caminos, Jorge Eduardo |
author_sort | Garcés, Maria Fernanda |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Liver-Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide 2 (LEAP-2) has emerged as an endogenous GHS-R antagonist and blunts the orexigenic action of ghrelin. This study aimed to determine the Ghrelin/LEAP-2 ratio in humans and rats during pregnancy. In humans, we conducted a nested case-control study within an observational prospective cohort. Healthy and mild preeclamptic pregnant women were studied at each trimester of gestation and three months postpartum. In addition, a group of non-pregnant women was studied into the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Furthermore, Ghrelin/LEAP-2 ratio was investigated in non-pregnant rats and at different periods of rat pregnancy. Human and rat serum ghrelin and LEAP-2 levels were determined using the commercially available ELISA kits. The Ghrelin/LEAP-2 ratio peak around the second trimester of gestation in healthy pregnant women (p < 0.05). Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences in Ghrelin/LEAP-2 ratio between healthy and preeclamptic pregnant women at each trimester of gestation (p > 0.05). The Ghrelin/LEAP-2 ratio in pregnant rat reached the peak around mid-gestation with a similar pattern to the human pregnancy. LEAP-2 was visualized by immunohistochemistry in human term placenta and rat placentas on days 12, 16 and 21 of pregnancy. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence of a Ghrelin/LEAP-2 ratio peak around the half-way point of pregnancy onwards during human and rat pregnancy, and it might be associated with increased rates of weight gain during pregnancy. Thus, this study suggests that LEAP-2 and Ghrelin/LEAP-2 ratio might play an important role in maternal physiology adaptation of weight gain during pregnancy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9455743 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94557432022-09-09 Study of the Ghrelin/LEAP-2 Ratio in Humans and Rats during Different Phases of Pregnancy Garcés, Maria Fernanda Buell-Acosta, Julieth Daniela Ángel-Müller, Edith Parada-Baños, Arturo José Acosta-Alvarez, Jaidy Saavedra-López, Harold Felipe Franco-Vega, Roberto Maldonado-Acosta, Luis Miguel Escobar-Cordoba, Franklin Vásquez-Romero, Keydy Lacunza, Ezequiel Caminos-Cepeda, Sofía Alexandra Nogueiras, Rubén Diéguez, Carlos Ruiz-Parra, Ariel Iván Caminos, Jorge Eduardo Int J Mol Sci Article The Liver-Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide 2 (LEAP-2) has emerged as an endogenous GHS-R antagonist and blunts the orexigenic action of ghrelin. This study aimed to determine the Ghrelin/LEAP-2 ratio in humans and rats during pregnancy. In humans, we conducted a nested case-control study within an observational prospective cohort. Healthy and mild preeclamptic pregnant women were studied at each trimester of gestation and three months postpartum. In addition, a group of non-pregnant women was studied into the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Furthermore, Ghrelin/LEAP-2 ratio was investigated in non-pregnant rats and at different periods of rat pregnancy. Human and rat serum ghrelin and LEAP-2 levels were determined using the commercially available ELISA kits. The Ghrelin/LEAP-2 ratio peak around the second trimester of gestation in healthy pregnant women (p < 0.05). Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences in Ghrelin/LEAP-2 ratio between healthy and preeclamptic pregnant women at each trimester of gestation (p > 0.05). The Ghrelin/LEAP-2 ratio in pregnant rat reached the peak around mid-gestation with a similar pattern to the human pregnancy. LEAP-2 was visualized by immunohistochemistry in human term placenta and rat placentas on days 12, 16 and 21 of pregnancy. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence of a Ghrelin/LEAP-2 ratio peak around the half-way point of pregnancy onwards during human and rat pregnancy, and it might be associated with increased rates of weight gain during pregnancy. Thus, this study suggests that LEAP-2 and Ghrelin/LEAP-2 ratio might play an important role in maternal physiology adaptation of weight gain during pregnancy. MDPI 2022-08-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9455743/ /pubmed/36076912 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179514 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Garcés, Maria Fernanda Buell-Acosta, Julieth Daniela Ángel-Müller, Edith Parada-Baños, Arturo José Acosta-Alvarez, Jaidy Saavedra-López, Harold Felipe Franco-Vega, Roberto Maldonado-Acosta, Luis Miguel Escobar-Cordoba, Franklin Vásquez-Romero, Keydy Lacunza, Ezequiel Caminos-Cepeda, Sofía Alexandra Nogueiras, Rubén Diéguez, Carlos Ruiz-Parra, Ariel Iván Caminos, Jorge Eduardo Study of the Ghrelin/LEAP-2 Ratio in Humans and Rats during Different Phases of Pregnancy |
title | Study of the Ghrelin/LEAP-2 Ratio in Humans and Rats during Different Phases of Pregnancy |
title_full | Study of the Ghrelin/LEAP-2 Ratio in Humans and Rats during Different Phases of Pregnancy |
title_fullStr | Study of the Ghrelin/LEAP-2 Ratio in Humans and Rats during Different Phases of Pregnancy |
title_full_unstemmed | Study of the Ghrelin/LEAP-2 Ratio in Humans and Rats during Different Phases of Pregnancy |
title_short | Study of the Ghrelin/LEAP-2 Ratio in Humans and Rats during Different Phases of Pregnancy |
title_sort | study of the ghrelin/leap-2 ratio in humans and rats during different phases of pregnancy |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9455743/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36076912 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179514 |
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