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Novel Roles of MT1-MMP and MMP-2: Beyond the Extracellular Milieu
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are critical enzymes involved in a variety of cellular processes. MMPs are well known for their ability to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and their extracellular role in cell migration. Recently, more research has been conducted on investigating novel subcell...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9455801/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36076910 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179513 |
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author | Maybee, Deanna V. Ink, Nicole L. Ali, Mohammad A. M. |
author_facet | Maybee, Deanna V. Ink, Nicole L. Ali, Mohammad A. M. |
author_sort | Maybee, Deanna V. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are critical enzymes involved in a variety of cellular processes. MMPs are well known for their ability to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and their extracellular role in cell migration. Recently, more research has been conducted on investigating novel subcellular localizations of MMPs and their intracellular roles at their respective locations. In this review article, we focus on the subcellular localization and novel intracellular roles of two closely related MMPs: membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Although MT1-MMP is commonly known to localize on the cell surface, the protease also localizes to the cytoplasm, caveolae, Golgi, cytoskeleton, centrosome, and nucleus. At these subcellular locations, MT1-MMP functions in cell migration, macrophage metabolism, invadopodia development, spindle formation and gene expression, respectively. Similar to MT1-MMP, MMP-2 localizes to the caveolae, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, nucleus and nucleolus and functions in calcium regulation, contractile dysfunction, gene expression and ribosomal RNA transcription. Our particular interest lies in the roles MMP-2 and MT1-MMP serve within the nucleus, as they may provide critical insights into cancer epigenetics and tumor migration and invasion. We suggest that targeting nuclear MT1-MMP or MMP-2 to reduce or halt cell proliferation and migration may lead to the development of new therapies for cancer and other diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9455801 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94558012022-09-09 Novel Roles of MT1-MMP and MMP-2: Beyond the Extracellular Milieu Maybee, Deanna V. Ink, Nicole L. Ali, Mohammad A. M. Int J Mol Sci Review Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are critical enzymes involved in a variety of cellular processes. MMPs are well known for their ability to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and their extracellular role in cell migration. Recently, more research has been conducted on investigating novel subcellular localizations of MMPs and their intracellular roles at their respective locations. In this review article, we focus on the subcellular localization and novel intracellular roles of two closely related MMPs: membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Although MT1-MMP is commonly known to localize on the cell surface, the protease also localizes to the cytoplasm, caveolae, Golgi, cytoskeleton, centrosome, and nucleus. At these subcellular locations, MT1-MMP functions in cell migration, macrophage metabolism, invadopodia development, spindle formation and gene expression, respectively. Similar to MT1-MMP, MMP-2 localizes to the caveolae, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, nucleus and nucleolus and functions in calcium regulation, contractile dysfunction, gene expression and ribosomal RNA transcription. Our particular interest lies in the roles MMP-2 and MT1-MMP serve within the nucleus, as they may provide critical insights into cancer epigenetics and tumor migration and invasion. We suggest that targeting nuclear MT1-MMP or MMP-2 to reduce or halt cell proliferation and migration may lead to the development of new therapies for cancer and other diseases. MDPI 2022-08-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9455801/ /pubmed/36076910 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179513 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Maybee, Deanna V. Ink, Nicole L. Ali, Mohammad A. M. Novel Roles of MT1-MMP and MMP-2: Beyond the Extracellular Milieu |
title | Novel Roles of MT1-MMP and MMP-2: Beyond the Extracellular Milieu |
title_full | Novel Roles of MT1-MMP and MMP-2: Beyond the Extracellular Milieu |
title_fullStr | Novel Roles of MT1-MMP and MMP-2: Beyond the Extracellular Milieu |
title_full_unstemmed | Novel Roles of MT1-MMP and MMP-2: Beyond the Extracellular Milieu |
title_short | Novel Roles of MT1-MMP and MMP-2: Beyond the Extracellular Milieu |
title_sort | novel roles of mt1-mmp and mmp-2: beyond the extracellular milieu |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9455801/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36076910 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179513 |
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