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An Update on the Effects of Vitamin D on the Immune System and Autoimmune Diseases
Vitamin D intervenes in calcium and phosphate metabolism and bone homeostasis. Experimental studies have shown that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) generates immunologic activities on the innate and adaptive immune system and endothelial membrane stability. Low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9456003/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36077185 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179784 |
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author | Sîrbe, Claudia Rednic, Simona Grama, Alina Pop, Tudor Lucian |
author_facet | Sîrbe, Claudia Rednic, Simona Grama, Alina Pop, Tudor Lucian |
author_sort | Sîrbe, Claudia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Vitamin D intervenes in calcium and phosphate metabolism and bone homeostasis. Experimental studies have shown that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) generates immunologic activities on the innate and adaptive immune system and endothelial membrane stability. Low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) are associated with an increased risk of developing immune-related diseases such as psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune diseases. Various clinical trials describe the efficacy of supplementation of vitamin D and its metabolites for treating these diseases that result in variable outcomes. Different disease outcomes are observed in treatment with vitamin D as high inter-individual difference is present with complex gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, it is still not fully known what level of serum 25(OH)D is needed. The current recommendation is to increase vitamin D intake and have enough sunlight exposure to have serum 25(OH)D at a level of 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) and better at 40–60 ng/mL (100–150 nmol/L) to obtain the optimal health benefits of vitamin D. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9456003 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94560032022-09-09 An Update on the Effects of Vitamin D on the Immune System and Autoimmune Diseases Sîrbe, Claudia Rednic, Simona Grama, Alina Pop, Tudor Lucian Int J Mol Sci Review Vitamin D intervenes in calcium and phosphate metabolism and bone homeostasis. Experimental studies have shown that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) generates immunologic activities on the innate and adaptive immune system and endothelial membrane stability. Low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) are associated with an increased risk of developing immune-related diseases such as psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune diseases. Various clinical trials describe the efficacy of supplementation of vitamin D and its metabolites for treating these diseases that result in variable outcomes. Different disease outcomes are observed in treatment with vitamin D as high inter-individual difference is present with complex gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, it is still not fully known what level of serum 25(OH)D is needed. The current recommendation is to increase vitamin D intake and have enough sunlight exposure to have serum 25(OH)D at a level of 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) and better at 40–60 ng/mL (100–150 nmol/L) to obtain the optimal health benefits of vitamin D. MDPI 2022-08-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9456003/ /pubmed/36077185 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179784 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Sîrbe, Claudia Rednic, Simona Grama, Alina Pop, Tudor Lucian An Update on the Effects of Vitamin D on the Immune System and Autoimmune Diseases |
title | An Update on the Effects of Vitamin D on the Immune System and Autoimmune Diseases |
title_full | An Update on the Effects of Vitamin D on the Immune System and Autoimmune Diseases |
title_fullStr | An Update on the Effects of Vitamin D on the Immune System and Autoimmune Diseases |
title_full_unstemmed | An Update on the Effects of Vitamin D on the Immune System and Autoimmune Diseases |
title_short | An Update on the Effects of Vitamin D on the Immune System and Autoimmune Diseases |
title_sort | update on the effects of vitamin d on the immune system and autoimmune diseases |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9456003/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36077185 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179784 |
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