Cargando…

Tear Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases, and Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Diagnosis (Systematic Review)

Biological material is one of the most important aspects that allow for the correct diagnosis of the disease, and tears are an interesting subject of research because of the simplicity of collection, as the well as the relation to the components similar to other body fluids. In this review, biomarke...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Król-Grzymała, Angelika, Sienkiewicz-Szłapka, Edyta, Fiedorowicz, Ewa, Rozmus, Dominika, Cieślińska, Anna, Grzybowski, Andrzej
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9456033/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36077520
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710123
_version_ 1784785711094824960
author Król-Grzymała, Angelika
Sienkiewicz-Szłapka, Edyta
Fiedorowicz, Ewa
Rozmus, Dominika
Cieślińska, Anna
Grzybowski, Andrzej
author_facet Król-Grzymała, Angelika
Sienkiewicz-Szłapka, Edyta
Fiedorowicz, Ewa
Rozmus, Dominika
Cieślińska, Anna
Grzybowski, Andrzej
author_sort Król-Grzymała, Angelika
collection PubMed
description Biological material is one of the most important aspects that allow for the correct diagnosis of the disease, and tears are an interesting subject of research because of the simplicity of collection, as the well as the relation to the components similar to other body fluids. In this review, biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) in tears are investigated and analyzed. Records were obtained from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases in a timeline of 2015–2022. The keywords were: tear film/tear biochemistry/tear biomarkers + diseases (AD, PD, or MS). The recent original studies were analyzed, discussed, and biomarkers present in tears that can be used for the diagnosis and management of AD, PD, and MS diseases were shown. α-synTotal and α-synOligo, lactoferrin, norepinephrine, adrenaline, epinephrine, dopamine, α-2-macroglobulin, proteins involved in immune response, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress, apolipoprotein superfamily, and others were shown to be biomarkers in PD. For AD as potential biomarkers, there are: lipocalin-1, lysozyme-C, and lacritin, amyloid proteins, t-Tau, p-Tau; for MS there are: oligoclonal bands, lipids containing choline, free carnitine, acylcarnitines, and some amino acids. Information systematized in this review provides interesting data and new insight to help improve clinical outcomes for patients with neurodegenerative disorders.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9456033
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-94560332022-09-09 Tear Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases, and Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Diagnosis (Systematic Review) Król-Grzymała, Angelika Sienkiewicz-Szłapka, Edyta Fiedorowicz, Ewa Rozmus, Dominika Cieślińska, Anna Grzybowski, Andrzej Int J Mol Sci Review Biological material is one of the most important aspects that allow for the correct diagnosis of the disease, and tears are an interesting subject of research because of the simplicity of collection, as the well as the relation to the components similar to other body fluids. In this review, biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) in tears are investigated and analyzed. Records were obtained from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases in a timeline of 2015–2022. The keywords were: tear film/tear biochemistry/tear biomarkers + diseases (AD, PD, or MS). The recent original studies were analyzed, discussed, and biomarkers present in tears that can be used for the diagnosis and management of AD, PD, and MS diseases were shown. α-synTotal and α-synOligo, lactoferrin, norepinephrine, adrenaline, epinephrine, dopamine, α-2-macroglobulin, proteins involved in immune response, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress, apolipoprotein superfamily, and others were shown to be biomarkers in PD. For AD as potential biomarkers, there are: lipocalin-1, lysozyme-C, and lacritin, amyloid proteins, t-Tau, p-Tau; for MS there are: oligoclonal bands, lipids containing choline, free carnitine, acylcarnitines, and some amino acids. Information systematized in this review provides interesting data and new insight to help improve clinical outcomes for patients with neurodegenerative disorders. MDPI 2022-09-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9456033/ /pubmed/36077520 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710123 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Król-Grzymała, Angelika
Sienkiewicz-Szłapka, Edyta
Fiedorowicz, Ewa
Rozmus, Dominika
Cieślińska, Anna
Grzybowski, Andrzej
Tear Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases, and Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Diagnosis (Systematic Review)
title Tear Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases, and Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Diagnosis (Systematic Review)
title_full Tear Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases, and Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Diagnosis (Systematic Review)
title_fullStr Tear Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases, and Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Diagnosis (Systematic Review)
title_full_unstemmed Tear Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases, and Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Diagnosis (Systematic Review)
title_short Tear Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases, and Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Diagnosis (Systematic Review)
title_sort tear biomarkers in alzheimer’s and parkinson’s diseases, and multiple sclerosis: implications for diagnosis (systematic review)
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9456033/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36077520
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710123
work_keys_str_mv AT krolgrzymałaangelika tearbiomarkersinalzheimersandparkinsonsdiseasesandmultiplesclerosisimplicationsfordiagnosissystematicreview
AT sienkiewiczszłapkaedyta tearbiomarkersinalzheimersandparkinsonsdiseasesandmultiplesclerosisimplicationsfordiagnosissystematicreview
AT fiedorowiczewa tearbiomarkersinalzheimersandparkinsonsdiseasesandmultiplesclerosisimplicationsfordiagnosissystematicreview
AT rozmusdominika tearbiomarkersinalzheimersandparkinsonsdiseasesandmultiplesclerosisimplicationsfordiagnosissystematicreview
AT cieslinskaanna tearbiomarkersinalzheimersandparkinsonsdiseasesandmultiplesclerosisimplicationsfordiagnosissystematicreview
AT grzybowskiandrzej tearbiomarkersinalzheimersandparkinsonsdiseasesandmultiplesclerosisimplicationsfordiagnosissystematicreview