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Genome of Laudakia sacra Provides New Insights into High-Altitude Adaptation of Ectotherms

Anan’s rock agama (Laudakia sacra) is a lizard species endemic to the harsh high-altitude environment of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, a region characterized by low oxygen tension and high ultraviolet (UV) radiation. To better understand the genetic mechanisms underlying highland adaptation of ectother...

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Autores principales: Yan, Chaochao, Zhang, Zhi-Yi, Lv, Yunyun, Wang, Zeng, Jiang, Ke, Li, Jia-Tang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9456099/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36077479
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710081
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author Yan, Chaochao
Zhang, Zhi-Yi
Lv, Yunyun
Wang, Zeng
Jiang, Ke
Li, Jia-Tang
author_facet Yan, Chaochao
Zhang, Zhi-Yi
Lv, Yunyun
Wang, Zeng
Jiang, Ke
Li, Jia-Tang
author_sort Yan, Chaochao
collection PubMed
description Anan’s rock agama (Laudakia sacra) is a lizard species endemic to the harsh high-altitude environment of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, a region characterized by low oxygen tension and high ultraviolet (UV) radiation. To better understand the genetic mechanisms underlying highland adaptation of ectotherms, we assembled a 1.80-Gb L. sacra genome, which contained 284 contigs with an N50 of 20.19 Mb and a BUSCO score of 93.54%. Comparative genomic analysis indicated that mutations in certain genes, including HIF1A, TIE2, and NFAT family members and genes in the respiratory chain, may be common adaptations to hypoxia among high-altitude animals. Compared with lowland reptiles, MLIP showed a convergent mutation in L. sacra and the Tibetan hot-spring snake (Thermophis baileyi), which may affect their hypoxia adaptation. In L. sacra, several genes related to cardiovascular remodeling, erythropoiesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and DNA repair may also be tailored for adaptation to UV radiation and hypoxia. Of note, ERCC6 and MSH2, two genes associated with adaptation to UV radiation in T. baileyi, exhibited L. sacra-specific mutations that may affect peptide function. Thus, this study provides new insights into the potential mechanisms underpinning high-altitude adaptation in ectotherms and reveals certain genetic generalities for animals’ survival on the plateau.
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spelling pubmed-94560992022-09-09 Genome of Laudakia sacra Provides New Insights into High-Altitude Adaptation of Ectotherms Yan, Chaochao Zhang, Zhi-Yi Lv, Yunyun Wang, Zeng Jiang, Ke Li, Jia-Tang Int J Mol Sci Article Anan’s rock agama (Laudakia sacra) is a lizard species endemic to the harsh high-altitude environment of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, a region characterized by low oxygen tension and high ultraviolet (UV) radiation. To better understand the genetic mechanisms underlying highland adaptation of ectotherms, we assembled a 1.80-Gb L. sacra genome, which contained 284 contigs with an N50 of 20.19 Mb and a BUSCO score of 93.54%. Comparative genomic analysis indicated that mutations in certain genes, including HIF1A, TIE2, and NFAT family members and genes in the respiratory chain, may be common adaptations to hypoxia among high-altitude animals. Compared with lowland reptiles, MLIP showed a convergent mutation in L. sacra and the Tibetan hot-spring snake (Thermophis baileyi), which may affect their hypoxia adaptation. In L. sacra, several genes related to cardiovascular remodeling, erythropoiesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and DNA repair may also be tailored for adaptation to UV radiation and hypoxia. Of note, ERCC6 and MSH2, two genes associated with adaptation to UV radiation in T. baileyi, exhibited L. sacra-specific mutations that may affect peptide function. Thus, this study provides new insights into the potential mechanisms underpinning high-altitude adaptation in ectotherms and reveals certain genetic generalities for animals’ survival on the plateau. MDPI 2022-09-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9456099/ /pubmed/36077479 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710081 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Yan, Chaochao
Zhang, Zhi-Yi
Lv, Yunyun
Wang, Zeng
Jiang, Ke
Li, Jia-Tang
Genome of Laudakia sacra Provides New Insights into High-Altitude Adaptation of Ectotherms
title Genome of Laudakia sacra Provides New Insights into High-Altitude Adaptation of Ectotherms
title_full Genome of Laudakia sacra Provides New Insights into High-Altitude Adaptation of Ectotherms
title_fullStr Genome of Laudakia sacra Provides New Insights into High-Altitude Adaptation of Ectotherms
title_full_unstemmed Genome of Laudakia sacra Provides New Insights into High-Altitude Adaptation of Ectotherms
title_short Genome of Laudakia sacra Provides New Insights into High-Altitude Adaptation of Ectotherms
title_sort genome of laudakia sacra provides new insights into high-altitude adaptation of ectotherms
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9456099/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36077479
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710081
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