Cargando…
Differing Escape Responses of the Marine Bacterium Marinobacter adhaerens in the Presence of Planktonic vs. Surface-Associated Protist Grazers
Protist grazing pressure plays a major role in controlling aquatic bacterial populations, affecting energy flow through the microbial loop and biogeochemical cycles. Predator-escape mechanisms might play a crucial role in energy flow through the microbial loop, but are yet understudied. For example,...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9456119/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36077481 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710082 |
_version_ | 1784785733826904064 |
---|---|
author | Villalba, Luis Alberto Kasada, Minoru Zoccarato, Luca Wollrab, Sabine Grossart, Hans Peter |
author_facet | Villalba, Luis Alberto Kasada, Minoru Zoccarato, Luca Wollrab, Sabine Grossart, Hans Peter |
author_sort | Villalba, Luis Alberto |
collection | PubMed |
description | Protist grazing pressure plays a major role in controlling aquatic bacterial populations, affecting energy flow through the microbial loop and biogeochemical cycles. Predator-escape mechanisms might play a crucial role in energy flow through the microbial loop, but are yet understudied. For example, some bacteria can use planktonic as well as surface-associated habitats, providing a potential escape mechanism to habitat-specific grazers. We investigated the escape response of the marine bacterium Marinobacter adhaerens in the presence of either planktonic (nanoflagellate: Cafeteria roenbergensis) or surface-associated (amoeba: Vannella anglica) protist predators, following population dynamics over time. In the presence of V. anglica, M. adhaerens cell density increased in the water, but decreased on solid surfaces, indicating an escape response towards the planktonic habitat. In contrast, the planktonic predator C. roenbergensis induced bacterial escape to the surface habitat. While C. roenbergensis cell numbers dropped substantially after a sharp initial increase, V. anglica exhibited a slow, but constant growth throughout the entire experiment. In the presence of C. roenbergensis, M. adhaerens rapidly formed cell clumps in the water habitat, which likely prevented consumption of the planktonic M. adhaerens by the flagellate, resulting in a strong decline in the predator population. Our results indicate an active escape of M. adhaerens via phenotypic plasticity (i.e., behavioral and morphological changes) against predator ingestion. This study highlights the potentially important role of behavioral escape mechanisms for community composition and energy flow in pelagic environments, especially with globally rising particle loads in aquatic systems through human activities and extreme weather events. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9456119 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94561192022-09-09 Differing Escape Responses of the Marine Bacterium Marinobacter adhaerens in the Presence of Planktonic vs. Surface-Associated Protist Grazers Villalba, Luis Alberto Kasada, Minoru Zoccarato, Luca Wollrab, Sabine Grossart, Hans Peter Int J Mol Sci Article Protist grazing pressure plays a major role in controlling aquatic bacterial populations, affecting energy flow through the microbial loop and biogeochemical cycles. Predator-escape mechanisms might play a crucial role in energy flow through the microbial loop, but are yet understudied. For example, some bacteria can use planktonic as well as surface-associated habitats, providing a potential escape mechanism to habitat-specific grazers. We investigated the escape response of the marine bacterium Marinobacter adhaerens in the presence of either planktonic (nanoflagellate: Cafeteria roenbergensis) or surface-associated (amoeba: Vannella anglica) protist predators, following population dynamics over time. In the presence of V. anglica, M. adhaerens cell density increased in the water, but decreased on solid surfaces, indicating an escape response towards the planktonic habitat. In contrast, the planktonic predator C. roenbergensis induced bacterial escape to the surface habitat. While C. roenbergensis cell numbers dropped substantially after a sharp initial increase, V. anglica exhibited a slow, but constant growth throughout the entire experiment. In the presence of C. roenbergensis, M. adhaerens rapidly formed cell clumps in the water habitat, which likely prevented consumption of the planktonic M. adhaerens by the flagellate, resulting in a strong decline in the predator population. Our results indicate an active escape of M. adhaerens via phenotypic plasticity (i.e., behavioral and morphological changes) against predator ingestion. This study highlights the potentially important role of behavioral escape mechanisms for community composition and energy flow in pelagic environments, especially with globally rising particle loads in aquatic systems through human activities and extreme weather events. MDPI 2022-09-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9456119/ /pubmed/36077481 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710082 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Villalba, Luis Alberto Kasada, Minoru Zoccarato, Luca Wollrab, Sabine Grossart, Hans Peter Differing Escape Responses of the Marine Bacterium Marinobacter adhaerens in the Presence of Planktonic vs. Surface-Associated Protist Grazers |
title | Differing Escape Responses of the Marine Bacterium Marinobacter adhaerens in the Presence of Planktonic vs. Surface-Associated Protist Grazers |
title_full | Differing Escape Responses of the Marine Bacterium Marinobacter adhaerens in the Presence of Planktonic vs. Surface-Associated Protist Grazers |
title_fullStr | Differing Escape Responses of the Marine Bacterium Marinobacter adhaerens in the Presence of Planktonic vs. Surface-Associated Protist Grazers |
title_full_unstemmed | Differing Escape Responses of the Marine Bacterium Marinobacter adhaerens in the Presence of Planktonic vs. Surface-Associated Protist Grazers |
title_short | Differing Escape Responses of the Marine Bacterium Marinobacter adhaerens in the Presence of Planktonic vs. Surface-Associated Protist Grazers |
title_sort | differing escape responses of the marine bacterium marinobacter adhaerens in the presence of planktonic vs. surface-associated protist grazers |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9456119/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36077481 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710082 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT villalbaluisalberto differingescaperesponsesofthemarinebacteriummarinobacteradhaerensinthepresenceofplanktonicvssurfaceassociatedprotistgrazers AT kasadaminoru differingescaperesponsesofthemarinebacteriummarinobacteradhaerensinthepresenceofplanktonicvssurfaceassociatedprotistgrazers AT zoccaratoluca differingescaperesponsesofthemarinebacteriummarinobacteradhaerensinthepresenceofplanktonicvssurfaceassociatedprotistgrazers AT wollrabsabine differingescaperesponsesofthemarinebacteriummarinobacteradhaerensinthepresenceofplanktonicvssurfaceassociatedprotistgrazers AT grossarthanspeter differingescaperesponsesofthemarinebacteriummarinobacteradhaerensinthepresenceofplanktonicvssurfaceassociatedprotistgrazers |