Cargando…

Functionalization of Graphite with Oxidative Plasma

Surface-modified graphite is studied as an electrode material, an adsorbent, and a membrane component, among other applications. Modifying the graphite with plasma can be used to create relevant surface functionalities, in particular, various oxygen groups. The application of surface-oxidized graphi...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Stelmachowski, Paweł, Maj, Dominik, Grzybek, Gabriela, Kruczała, Krzysztof, Kotarba, Andrzej
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9456250/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36077050
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179650
_version_ 1784785767849000960
author Stelmachowski, Paweł
Maj, Dominik
Grzybek, Gabriela
Kruczała, Krzysztof
Kotarba, Andrzej
author_facet Stelmachowski, Paweł
Maj, Dominik
Grzybek, Gabriela
Kruczała, Krzysztof
Kotarba, Andrzej
author_sort Stelmachowski, Paweł
collection PubMed
description Surface-modified graphite is studied as an electrode material, an adsorbent, and a membrane component, among other applications. Modifying the graphite with plasma can be used to create relevant surface functionalities, in particular, various oxygen groups. The application of surface-oxidized graphite often requires its use in an aqueous environment. The application in an aqueous environment is not an issue for acid-oxidized carbons, but a discrepancy in the structure–activity relationship may arise because plasma-oxidized carbons show a time-dependent decrease in the degree of functionalization and related properties. Moreover, plasma-oxidized materials are often characterized in terms of their chemical and physical properties, most notably their degree of functionalization after plasma treatment, without contact with water. In this study, we used low-temperature plasma oxidation with pure oxygen and carbon dioxide and sample-washing with concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids. To evaluate the electronic properties of modified graphite, the work function changes and surface oxygen content were measured just after plasma modification and after water immersion. We show that water immersion drastically decreases the work function of plasma-treated samples, which is accompanied by a decrease in the number of radicals introduced by plasma. Our results demonstrate that the increase in stable work function as a result of plasma treatment, brought about by an increase in the surface oxygen species concentration, can be realized most effectively for the acid-washed graphite.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9456250
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-94562502022-09-09 Functionalization of Graphite with Oxidative Plasma Stelmachowski, Paweł Maj, Dominik Grzybek, Gabriela Kruczała, Krzysztof Kotarba, Andrzej Int J Mol Sci Article Surface-modified graphite is studied as an electrode material, an adsorbent, and a membrane component, among other applications. Modifying the graphite with plasma can be used to create relevant surface functionalities, in particular, various oxygen groups. The application of surface-oxidized graphite often requires its use in an aqueous environment. The application in an aqueous environment is not an issue for acid-oxidized carbons, but a discrepancy in the structure–activity relationship may arise because plasma-oxidized carbons show a time-dependent decrease in the degree of functionalization and related properties. Moreover, plasma-oxidized materials are often characterized in terms of their chemical and physical properties, most notably their degree of functionalization after plasma treatment, without contact with water. In this study, we used low-temperature plasma oxidation with pure oxygen and carbon dioxide and sample-washing with concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids. To evaluate the electronic properties of modified graphite, the work function changes and surface oxygen content were measured just after plasma modification and after water immersion. We show that water immersion drastically decreases the work function of plasma-treated samples, which is accompanied by a decrease in the number of radicals introduced by plasma. Our results demonstrate that the increase in stable work function as a result of plasma treatment, brought about by an increase in the surface oxygen species concentration, can be realized most effectively for the acid-washed graphite. MDPI 2022-08-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9456250/ /pubmed/36077050 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179650 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Stelmachowski, Paweł
Maj, Dominik
Grzybek, Gabriela
Kruczała, Krzysztof
Kotarba, Andrzej
Functionalization of Graphite with Oxidative Plasma
title Functionalization of Graphite with Oxidative Plasma
title_full Functionalization of Graphite with Oxidative Plasma
title_fullStr Functionalization of Graphite with Oxidative Plasma
title_full_unstemmed Functionalization of Graphite with Oxidative Plasma
title_short Functionalization of Graphite with Oxidative Plasma
title_sort functionalization of graphite with oxidative plasma
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9456250/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36077050
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179650
work_keys_str_mv AT stelmachowskipaweł functionalizationofgraphitewithoxidativeplasma
AT majdominik functionalizationofgraphitewithoxidativeplasma
AT grzybekgabriela functionalizationofgraphitewithoxidativeplasma
AT kruczałakrzysztof functionalizationofgraphitewithoxidativeplasma
AT kotarbaandrzej functionalizationofgraphitewithoxidativeplasma