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Functionalization of Graphite with Oxidative Plasma
Surface-modified graphite is studied as an electrode material, an adsorbent, and a membrane component, among other applications. Modifying the graphite with plasma can be used to create relevant surface functionalities, in particular, various oxygen groups. The application of surface-oxidized graphi...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9456250/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36077050 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179650 |
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author | Stelmachowski, Paweł Maj, Dominik Grzybek, Gabriela Kruczała, Krzysztof Kotarba, Andrzej |
author_facet | Stelmachowski, Paweł Maj, Dominik Grzybek, Gabriela Kruczała, Krzysztof Kotarba, Andrzej |
author_sort | Stelmachowski, Paweł |
collection | PubMed |
description | Surface-modified graphite is studied as an electrode material, an adsorbent, and a membrane component, among other applications. Modifying the graphite with plasma can be used to create relevant surface functionalities, in particular, various oxygen groups. The application of surface-oxidized graphite often requires its use in an aqueous environment. The application in an aqueous environment is not an issue for acid-oxidized carbons, but a discrepancy in the structure–activity relationship may arise because plasma-oxidized carbons show a time-dependent decrease in the degree of functionalization and related properties. Moreover, plasma-oxidized materials are often characterized in terms of their chemical and physical properties, most notably their degree of functionalization after plasma treatment, without contact with water. In this study, we used low-temperature plasma oxidation with pure oxygen and carbon dioxide and sample-washing with concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids. To evaluate the electronic properties of modified graphite, the work function changes and surface oxygen content were measured just after plasma modification and after water immersion. We show that water immersion drastically decreases the work function of plasma-treated samples, which is accompanied by a decrease in the number of radicals introduced by plasma. Our results demonstrate that the increase in stable work function as a result of plasma treatment, brought about by an increase in the surface oxygen species concentration, can be realized most effectively for the acid-washed graphite. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9456250 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94562502022-09-09 Functionalization of Graphite with Oxidative Plasma Stelmachowski, Paweł Maj, Dominik Grzybek, Gabriela Kruczała, Krzysztof Kotarba, Andrzej Int J Mol Sci Article Surface-modified graphite is studied as an electrode material, an adsorbent, and a membrane component, among other applications. Modifying the graphite with plasma can be used to create relevant surface functionalities, in particular, various oxygen groups. The application of surface-oxidized graphite often requires its use in an aqueous environment. The application in an aqueous environment is not an issue for acid-oxidized carbons, but a discrepancy in the structure–activity relationship may arise because plasma-oxidized carbons show a time-dependent decrease in the degree of functionalization and related properties. Moreover, plasma-oxidized materials are often characterized in terms of their chemical and physical properties, most notably their degree of functionalization after plasma treatment, without contact with water. In this study, we used low-temperature plasma oxidation with pure oxygen and carbon dioxide and sample-washing with concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids. To evaluate the electronic properties of modified graphite, the work function changes and surface oxygen content were measured just after plasma modification and after water immersion. We show that water immersion drastically decreases the work function of plasma-treated samples, which is accompanied by a decrease in the number of radicals introduced by plasma. Our results demonstrate that the increase in stable work function as a result of plasma treatment, brought about by an increase in the surface oxygen species concentration, can be realized most effectively for the acid-washed graphite. MDPI 2022-08-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9456250/ /pubmed/36077050 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179650 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Stelmachowski, Paweł Maj, Dominik Grzybek, Gabriela Kruczała, Krzysztof Kotarba, Andrzej Functionalization of Graphite with Oxidative Plasma |
title | Functionalization of Graphite with Oxidative Plasma |
title_full | Functionalization of Graphite with Oxidative Plasma |
title_fullStr | Functionalization of Graphite with Oxidative Plasma |
title_full_unstemmed | Functionalization of Graphite with Oxidative Plasma |
title_short | Functionalization of Graphite with Oxidative Plasma |
title_sort | functionalization of graphite with oxidative plasma |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9456250/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36077050 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179650 |
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