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Metabolic and Cellular Compartments of Acetyl-CoA in the Healthy and Diseased Brain

The human brain is characterised by the most diverse morphological, metabolic and functional structure among all body tissues. This is due to the existence of diverse neurons secreting various neurotransmitters and mutually modulating their own activity through thousands of pre- and postsynaptic int...

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Autores principales: Jankowska-Kulawy, Agnieszka, Klimaszewska-Łata, Joanna, Gul-Hinc, Sylwia, Ronowska, Anna, Szutowicz, Andrzej
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9456256/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36077475
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710073
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author Jankowska-Kulawy, Agnieszka
Klimaszewska-Łata, Joanna
Gul-Hinc, Sylwia
Ronowska, Anna
Szutowicz, Andrzej
author_facet Jankowska-Kulawy, Agnieszka
Klimaszewska-Łata, Joanna
Gul-Hinc, Sylwia
Ronowska, Anna
Szutowicz, Andrzej
author_sort Jankowska-Kulawy, Agnieszka
collection PubMed
description The human brain is characterised by the most diverse morphological, metabolic and functional structure among all body tissues. This is due to the existence of diverse neurons secreting various neurotransmitters and mutually modulating their own activity through thousands of pre- and postsynaptic interconnections in each neuron. Astroglial, microglial and oligodendroglial cells and neurons reciprocally regulate the metabolism of key energy substrates, thereby exerting several neuroprotective, neurotoxic and regulatory effects on neuronal viability and neurotransmitter functions. Maintenance of the pool of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA derived from glycolytic glucose metabolism is a key factor for neuronal survival. Thus, acetyl-CoA is regarded as a direct energy precursor through the TCA cycle and respiratory chain, thereby affecting brain cell viability. It is also used for hundreds of acetylation reactions, including N-acetyl aspartate synthesis in neuronal mitochondria, acetylcholine synthesis in cholinergic neurons, as well as divergent acetylations of several proteins, peptides, histones and low-molecular-weight species in all cellular compartments. Therefore, acetyl-CoA should be considered as the central point of metabolism maintaining equilibrium between anabolic and catabolic pathways in the brain. This review presents data supporting this thesis.
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spelling pubmed-94562562022-09-09 Metabolic and Cellular Compartments of Acetyl-CoA in the Healthy and Diseased Brain Jankowska-Kulawy, Agnieszka Klimaszewska-Łata, Joanna Gul-Hinc, Sylwia Ronowska, Anna Szutowicz, Andrzej Int J Mol Sci Review The human brain is characterised by the most diverse morphological, metabolic and functional structure among all body tissues. This is due to the existence of diverse neurons secreting various neurotransmitters and mutually modulating their own activity through thousands of pre- and postsynaptic interconnections in each neuron. Astroglial, microglial and oligodendroglial cells and neurons reciprocally regulate the metabolism of key energy substrates, thereby exerting several neuroprotective, neurotoxic and regulatory effects on neuronal viability and neurotransmitter functions. Maintenance of the pool of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA derived from glycolytic glucose metabolism is a key factor for neuronal survival. Thus, acetyl-CoA is regarded as a direct energy precursor through the TCA cycle and respiratory chain, thereby affecting brain cell viability. It is also used for hundreds of acetylation reactions, including N-acetyl aspartate synthesis in neuronal mitochondria, acetylcholine synthesis in cholinergic neurons, as well as divergent acetylations of several proteins, peptides, histones and low-molecular-weight species in all cellular compartments. Therefore, acetyl-CoA should be considered as the central point of metabolism maintaining equilibrium between anabolic and catabolic pathways in the brain. This review presents data supporting this thesis. MDPI 2022-09-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9456256/ /pubmed/36077475 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710073 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Jankowska-Kulawy, Agnieszka
Klimaszewska-Łata, Joanna
Gul-Hinc, Sylwia
Ronowska, Anna
Szutowicz, Andrzej
Metabolic and Cellular Compartments of Acetyl-CoA in the Healthy and Diseased Brain
title Metabolic and Cellular Compartments of Acetyl-CoA in the Healthy and Diseased Brain
title_full Metabolic and Cellular Compartments of Acetyl-CoA in the Healthy and Diseased Brain
title_fullStr Metabolic and Cellular Compartments of Acetyl-CoA in the Healthy and Diseased Brain
title_full_unstemmed Metabolic and Cellular Compartments of Acetyl-CoA in the Healthy and Diseased Brain
title_short Metabolic and Cellular Compartments of Acetyl-CoA in the Healthy and Diseased Brain
title_sort metabolic and cellular compartments of acetyl-coa in the healthy and diseased brain
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9456256/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36077475
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710073
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