Cargando…
Ocular Lymphatic and Glymphatic Systems: Implications for Retinal Health and Disease
Clearance of ocular fluid and metabolic waste is a critical function of the eye in health and disease. The eye has distinct fluid outflow pathways in both the anterior and posterior segments. Although the anterior outflow pathway is well characterized, little is known about posterior outflow routes....
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9456449/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36077535 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710139 |
_version_ | 1784785818268729344 |
---|---|
author | Uddin, Nasir Rutar, Matt |
author_facet | Uddin, Nasir Rutar, Matt |
author_sort | Uddin, Nasir |
collection | PubMed |
description | Clearance of ocular fluid and metabolic waste is a critical function of the eye in health and disease. The eye has distinct fluid outflow pathways in both the anterior and posterior segments. Although the anterior outflow pathway is well characterized, little is known about posterior outflow routes. Recent studies suggest that lymphatic and glymphatic systems play an important role in the clearance of fluid and waste products from the posterior segment of the eye. The lymphatic system is a vascular network that runs parallel to the blood circulatory system. It plays an essential role in maintenance of fluid homeostasis and immune surveillance in the body. Recent studies have reported lymphatics in the cornea (under pathological conditions), ciliary body, choroid, and optic nerve meninges. The evidence of lymphatics in optic nerve meninges is, however, limited. An alternative lymphatic system termed the glymphatic system was recently discovered in the rodent eye and brain. This system is a glial cell-based perivascular network responsible for the clearance of interstitial fluid and metabolic waste. In this review, we will discuss our current knowledge of ocular lymphatic and glymphatic systems and their role in retinal degenerative diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9456449 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94564492022-09-09 Ocular Lymphatic and Glymphatic Systems: Implications for Retinal Health and Disease Uddin, Nasir Rutar, Matt Int J Mol Sci Review Clearance of ocular fluid and metabolic waste is a critical function of the eye in health and disease. The eye has distinct fluid outflow pathways in both the anterior and posterior segments. Although the anterior outflow pathway is well characterized, little is known about posterior outflow routes. Recent studies suggest that lymphatic and glymphatic systems play an important role in the clearance of fluid and waste products from the posterior segment of the eye. The lymphatic system is a vascular network that runs parallel to the blood circulatory system. It plays an essential role in maintenance of fluid homeostasis and immune surveillance in the body. Recent studies have reported lymphatics in the cornea (under pathological conditions), ciliary body, choroid, and optic nerve meninges. The evidence of lymphatics in optic nerve meninges is, however, limited. An alternative lymphatic system termed the glymphatic system was recently discovered in the rodent eye and brain. This system is a glial cell-based perivascular network responsible for the clearance of interstitial fluid and metabolic waste. In this review, we will discuss our current knowledge of ocular lymphatic and glymphatic systems and their role in retinal degenerative diseases. MDPI 2022-09-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9456449/ /pubmed/36077535 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710139 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Uddin, Nasir Rutar, Matt Ocular Lymphatic and Glymphatic Systems: Implications for Retinal Health and Disease |
title | Ocular Lymphatic and Glymphatic Systems: Implications for Retinal Health and Disease |
title_full | Ocular Lymphatic and Glymphatic Systems: Implications for Retinal Health and Disease |
title_fullStr | Ocular Lymphatic and Glymphatic Systems: Implications for Retinal Health and Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Ocular Lymphatic and Glymphatic Systems: Implications for Retinal Health and Disease |
title_short | Ocular Lymphatic and Glymphatic Systems: Implications for Retinal Health and Disease |
title_sort | ocular lymphatic and glymphatic systems: implications for retinal health and disease |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9456449/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36077535 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710139 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT uddinnasir ocularlymphaticandglymphaticsystemsimplicationsforretinalhealthanddisease AT rutarmatt ocularlymphaticandglymphaticsystemsimplicationsforretinalhealthanddisease |