Factors Associated with Recurrent Heart Failure during Incorporating SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients Hospitalized for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure (HF) or death from cardiovascular causes among patients with chronic HF. However, little is known about the specific factors associated with clinical events during SGLT2i therapy in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Methods: Consecutive patients who were hospitalized for ADHF and received SGLT2i during the index hospitalization between February 2016 and April 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. We investigated the factors associated with recurrent hospitalization for HF during the SGLT2i therapy. Results: A total of 143 patients (median age 73 years, 92 men) were included. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was negatively associated with a primary endpoint with a hazard ratio of 0.94 (95% confidence interval 0.90–0.98, p = 0.007). Those with lower eGFR < 40.9 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (n = 47) had significantly lower freedom from HF hospitalization during 1-year therapeutic period (73% versus 94%, p = 0.005). Conclusions: Among patients who initiated medical therapy incorporating SGLT2i during the hospitalization for ADHF, a lower eGFR at baseline was associated with a recurrent hospitalization for HF. Early administration of SGLT2i prior to deterioration of renal function would be highly recommended to enjoy greater benefit from SGLT2i.