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Smell as a Disease Marker in Multiple Sclerosis

Existing data suggest that people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are at an elevated risk for experiencing olfactory impairment. We investigated if smell dysfunction can be used as an MS disease marker. This is a cross-sectional, case–control study. All data were collected prospectively from 171 part...

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Autores principales: Printza, Athanasia, Boziki, Marina, Valsamidis, Constantinos, Bakirtzis, Christos, Constantinidis, Jannis, Grigoriadis, Nikolaos, Triaridis, Stefanos
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9457284/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36079145
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11175215
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author Printza, Athanasia
Boziki, Marina
Valsamidis, Constantinos
Bakirtzis, Christos
Constantinidis, Jannis
Grigoriadis, Nikolaos
Triaridis, Stefanos
author_facet Printza, Athanasia
Boziki, Marina
Valsamidis, Constantinos
Bakirtzis, Christos
Constantinidis, Jannis
Grigoriadis, Nikolaos
Triaridis, Stefanos
author_sort Printza, Athanasia
collection PubMed
description Existing data suggest that people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are at an elevated risk for experiencing olfactory impairment. We investigated if smell dysfunction can be used as an MS disease marker. This is a cross-sectional, case–control study. All data were collected prospectively from 171 participants, 115 pwMS and 56 controls (age and sex stratified and matched to the patients), who reported smell, taste, and nasal breathing, and completed the Greek-validated questionnaires for nasal obstruction (NOSE), nasal-symptoms QoL (SNOT-22), and olfaction-associated QoL (QOD). The smell was assessed with the “Sniffin’ sticks” (odor threshold (OT), discrimination (OD), identification (OI) test, and total TDI). We recorded the pwMS disease characteristics (Expanded Disability Status Scale-EDSS, the disease type and duration), cognitive function, emotional status, fatigue, and impact of MS in everyday activities. A TDI < 30.75 (hyposmia) was detected in 30.8% of the patients. The patients’ OD and TDI scores were significantly lower than the controls’ (p = 0.005, and 0.015, respectively). The hyposmia correlated with disease severity and duration. The EDSS score correlated negatively with OD (r = −0.299, p = 0.001) and TDI (r = −0.242, p = 0.01). The disease duration correlated negatively with OD (r = −0.305, p = 0.001, OI (r = −0.253, p = 0.008) and TDI (r = −0.3, p = 0.001). The information processing speed (SDMT) correlated with OD, OT, and TDI (r = 0.302, p = 0.002; r = 0.242, p = 0.016; r = 0.326, p = 0.001). The olfactory function is changing in MS in accordance with disease progression.
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spelling pubmed-94572842022-09-09 Smell as a Disease Marker in Multiple Sclerosis Printza, Athanasia Boziki, Marina Valsamidis, Constantinos Bakirtzis, Christos Constantinidis, Jannis Grigoriadis, Nikolaos Triaridis, Stefanos J Clin Med Article Existing data suggest that people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are at an elevated risk for experiencing olfactory impairment. We investigated if smell dysfunction can be used as an MS disease marker. This is a cross-sectional, case–control study. All data were collected prospectively from 171 participants, 115 pwMS and 56 controls (age and sex stratified and matched to the patients), who reported smell, taste, and nasal breathing, and completed the Greek-validated questionnaires for nasal obstruction (NOSE), nasal-symptoms QoL (SNOT-22), and olfaction-associated QoL (QOD). The smell was assessed with the “Sniffin’ sticks” (odor threshold (OT), discrimination (OD), identification (OI) test, and total TDI). We recorded the pwMS disease characteristics (Expanded Disability Status Scale-EDSS, the disease type and duration), cognitive function, emotional status, fatigue, and impact of MS in everyday activities. A TDI < 30.75 (hyposmia) was detected in 30.8% of the patients. The patients’ OD and TDI scores were significantly lower than the controls’ (p = 0.005, and 0.015, respectively). The hyposmia correlated with disease severity and duration. The EDSS score correlated negatively with OD (r = −0.299, p = 0.001) and TDI (r = −0.242, p = 0.01). The disease duration correlated negatively with OD (r = −0.305, p = 0.001, OI (r = −0.253, p = 0.008) and TDI (r = −0.3, p = 0.001). The information processing speed (SDMT) correlated with OD, OT, and TDI (r = 0.302, p = 0.002; r = 0.242, p = 0.016; r = 0.326, p = 0.001). The olfactory function is changing in MS in accordance with disease progression. MDPI 2022-09-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9457284/ /pubmed/36079145 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11175215 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Printza, Athanasia
Boziki, Marina
Valsamidis, Constantinos
Bakirtzis, Christos
Constantinidis, Jannis
Grigoriadis, Nikolaos
Triaridis, Stefanos
Smell as a Disease Marker in Multiple Sclerosis
title Smell as a Disease Marker in Multiple Sclerosis
title_full Smell as a Disease Marker in Multiple Sclerosis
title_fullStr Smell as a Disease Marker in Multiple Sclerosis
title_full_unstemmed Smell as a Disease Marker in Multiple Sclerosis
title_short Smell as a Disease Marker in Multiple Sclerosis
title_sort smell as a disease marker in multiple sclerosis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9457284/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36079145
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11175215
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